Turpentine oil
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| CAS number |
8006-64-2 |
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| EC number |
232-350-7 |
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| MAK |
Switzerland: 20 ml m −3 or 112 mg m −3 |
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Oil of turpentine (also called turpentine oil , real turpentine oil , pine oil or very outdated turpentine spirit , Latin oleum terebinthinae or Terebinthinae aetheroleum rectificatum ), colloquially often simply turpentine , is distilled from the turpentine ( balsam ), especially from pine trees ( Pinus spp. ) and larches ( Larix ), but also from firs ( Abies ), spruces ( Picea ), Douglas firs ( Pseudotsuga ), cedars ( Cedrus ), araucarias , Kauri trees ( Agathis ), Sandarak .
After the turpentine oil and water have been completely expelled from the balsam by distillation, rosin remains . The oil contained in the distillate is drained from the water after the layers have separated and is distilled again with water and a little lime to remove entrained dyes , resins and acids ( formic acid ) . Turpentine oil is harmful to health and the environment.
Turpentine oil is used, for example, as a thinner and solvent for paints (paint). As a cheaper alternative is now often white spirit used commercially as white spirit called.
properties
Turpentine oil appears as a colorless, light and volatile, strongly smelling and burning-tasting liquid that burns with a sooty flame and is soluble in ether , chloroform , carbon disulfide , petroleum ether and 5-10 parts of 90 percent alcohol, but not in water.
The density is 0.86 g · cm −3 , the melting point is −55 ° C , the boiling point is 153–175 ° C, the flash point is 35 ° C.
The turpentine oils consist of mixtures of isomeric terpenes α-pinene (70% share and higher) and β-pinene (up to 30%). Some qualities still contain 10 to 20% 3-carene . Camphene , limonene and other terpenes are also found in small amounts .
(+) - α-pinene
(+) - β-pinene
(+) - 3-carene
-a-Pinen.svg)
-b-Pinen.svg)
-3-Carene_Structural_Formula_V1.svg)
The terpenes only partially evaporate in shallow vessels in the air and leave behind a residue that has been altered by the uptake of oxygen (thick oil from the porcelain painter), which finally dries to a hard, transparent varnish ( resinified ). The use of turpentine oil as a binder for paints is based on this property .
use
Turpentine oil dissolves most resins, including rubber , sulfur and phosphorus , mixes with essential and fatty oils and varnish and is therefore widely used in technology, especially for the production of varnishes , for thinning oil paints and for falsifying essential oils. It is also used to remove grease stains and to bleach materials that can not tolerate chlorine , such as ivory . It is also used in high-quality shoe polish .
In 1825 the cleaning effect of turpentine oil was discovered by chance. Turpentine oil has the property of dissolving all fatty substances and resins, while it does not affect the color and structure of the fiber. The odor of the remaining solvent in the clothes was a disadvantage. It was used for dry cleaning until the middle of the 19th century .
Particularly higher-boiling petroleum distillates , resin and camphor oils have been observed as adulterants , which even appear in the trade as independent goods under the name artificial or patent turpentine oil ( Larixolin , Paintoil ) and can be used for some purposes. However, because they are too volatile, they reduce the durability of the paints and have the disadvantage of a bad smell and fire hazard. The determination of the specific gravity , the flash point and especially the refraction is sufficient to prove it . The terpenes contained in turpentine oil are considered to cause or aggravate allergies. White spirit (= turpentine substitute ) or universal thinner can be used as an alternative solvent .
origin
In Merck's Warenlexikon , which appeared until 1922, different qualities of turpentine oil were distinguished based on the origin:
In addition to the French maritime pine Pinus pinaster and American turpentine oil, frankincense pine Pinius tadea , Pinus elliottii , Pinus echinata and the yellow pine Pinus ponderosa , the German (Russian-Polish) turpentine oil is more correct than pine oil ( Latin oleum pini, seu terebinthinae germanicum , French Essence de pin , English pine oil ) is an important commodity. It is obtained from the root wood of the Scots pine , Pinus sylvestris , in tar smelting , has a yellowish color and a rather strong, unpleasant odor and does not dry as quickly as American or French turpentine oil. It contains sylvestrene - a terpene hydrocarbon compound made of C 10 H 16 , which is also found in Swedish, Finnish and Russian turpentine oil. The pine oil is therefore not suitable for mixing with lacquers, for oil paints only if it is used for external coatings, as its odor is too unpleasant. It comes on the market from Poland and Austria .
Furthermore, Spanish , Greek , Austrian , Venetian and Indian turpentine oil are mentioned as special types. The Spanish oil of turpentine is the same as the French. The Greek oil of turpentine, from the turpentine of the Aleppo pine Pinus halepensis , is characterized by a strong clockwise rotation (approx. + 40 °). The Austrian (Neustädter) turpentine oil comes from the black pine , Pinus nigra , the Venetian from the European larch Larix decidua and the Indian from Pinus roxburghii coffin. (Syn: Pinus longifolia Roxb. ) U. a. Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jacks. , Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon . In contrast to the other types of turpentine oil, Indian turpentine oil contains only a small amount of pinene , but mostly 3-carene .
Related oils
Oils related to turpentine oil are:
- Templin or noble fir cone oil, which is obtained from the cones of Abies alba Mill. ( Silver fir ) (Latin oleum templinum , French essence de templinum , English templin oil ). Switzerland and Thuringia are the main regions of origin . It has a density of 0.851 to 0.870 g / cm 3 and a rotation of −60 ° to −84 ° and consists mainly of ( S ) limonene .
- Silver fir needle oil (pine needle oil)
- Mountain pine or curved wood oil is the oil obtained from the fresh needles, twig tips and branches of the mountain pine, curved wood pine .
- Spruce needle or pine needle oil ( Oleum pini silvestris )
These four oils are mainly used in perfume production and as liniments.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pech - the gold of the Schwarzföhrenwald on schwarzfoehre.at, accessed on November 19, 2016.
- ↑ Entry on TURPENTINE in the CosIng database of the EU Commission, accessed on February 26, 2020.
- ↑ a b c d e f Entry on turpentine oil in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ Entry on turpentine, oil in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
- ↑ Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (Suva): Limit values - current MAK and BAT values (search for 8006-64-2 or turpentine oil ), accessed on November 2, 2015.
- ^ PH List, L. Hörhammer: Hager's handbook of pharmaceutical practice . Volume 6, Part A: N-Q. 4th edition. Springer, 1977, ISBN 3-642-65036-8 , p. 679 f.
- ↑ a b c oil of turpentine . In: Merck's Warenlexikon . 3rd ed. 1884 ff., P. 576 f.
- ^ Balsam turpentine oil. (PDF; 33 kB). on kremer-pigmente.com; Retrieved November 19, 2016.
- ↑ Patrick Masius among others: Environmental history and environmental future. Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2009, ISBN 978-3-940344-69-4 , p. 117.
- ↑ Wolfgang Uter, Cornelia Fießler, Olaf Gefeller, Johannes Geier, Axel Schnuch: Contact sensitization to fragrance mix I and II, to Myroxylon pereirae resin and oil of tupentine: multifactorial analysis of risk factors based on data of the IVDK network. In: Flavor and Fragrance Journal. Volume 30, 2015, p. 255, doi: 10.1002 / ffj.3242 .
- ↑ a b O. Anselmio, E. Gilg: Commentary on the German Pharmacopoeia, 6th edition 1926. Volume 2, Springer, 1928, ISBN 978-3-642-90746-3 , pp. 218–222.
- ^ Paul Walden, Carl Graebe: History of organic chemistry since 1880. Springer, 1972, ISBN 3-662-27210-5 , p. 608.
- ↑ Emil Abderhalden (Ed.): Biochemisches Handlexikon. 7th volume, Springer, 1912, ISBN 978-3-642-90814-9 , pp. 559 ff.
- ^ R. Hänsel, K. Keller, H. Rimpler, G. Schneider (Eds.): Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice. Drugs A – D. 5th edition. Springer, 1992, ISBN 3-642-63468-0 , p. 9.