rosin
Colophony is a yellow to brown-black product made from tree resin with a shell-like break and glass sheen .
etymology
The name is derived from the Latin colophonium and colophonia of the Ionian city of Colophon ("Colophone") on the Lydian coast , which was known as the ancient trading center for colophonium (formerly Pix graeca , "Greek bad luck" or Middle High German crawling bëch ) applies. In modern times, imports were mainly from North America .
Manufacturing
It is the distillation residue of a natural resin selected from the balm or rhizomes (stubs) of softwoods ( conifers ), usually pine, spruce and fir or the information obtained during the papermaking tall oil is produced.
Colophony is also produced when processing fossil resins, especially Baltic amber . This process also produces amber oil and succinic acid . About 60% of the initial mass remains as rosin, which is mostly used in paint production. In the period from 1950 to 1970, the Kaliningrad Amber Combine alone produced an average of 150 tons of rosin annually from the Baltic amber mined in Jantarny . Occasionally rosin is found on beaches in the North and Baltic Seas . It is mostly the remains of the cargo from sunken ships or ship cargo lost in storms, mostly from the 19th and early 20th centuries. These pieces are easily mistaken for amber (in this case the Gedanite variety ) or copal .
The resin is separated into two components by steam distillation: turpentine oil, which is volatile with steam, and the non-volatile residue rosin. Finally, rosin comes on the market in the form of lumps, flakes or as a powder.
If rosin is heated above 120 ° C, light oils are produced: at approx. 150 ° C to 170 ° C (resin essence, pinol resin alcohol ), then blonde oil, blue, green and red oil as well as heavy oils: above 360 ° C, (resin oils , resin Stock oil, thick oils), the distillation residue is resin pitch, rosin pitch (pitch forging, brewers' pitch ).
Various derivatives are also produced: hydrogenated , dehydrated, hardened (calcium, magnesium and zinc salts of resin acids, so-called resinates ), polymerized and maleinized as well as esterified and disproportionated rosin for the paint and adhesive industry as well as sodium and potassium resinates as emulsifiers and for the sizing in paper making.
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rosin |
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| CAS number |
8050-09-7 |
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| EC number |
232-475-7 |
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Hazard potential
Rosin can cause allergic reactions after prolonged exposure or, in vapor form, trigger asthma and cause eczema .
Therefore z. B. ensure good ventilation when soldering with rosin as a flux.
properties
The color of the rosin is variable, it can vary from light yellow to red-brown to very dark ; the material is transparent and splinters easily when cold. The main components are easily oxidizing resin acids , such as abietic and pimaric acid and others, as well as small amounts of saponifiable substances (esters) and unsaponifiable terpene hydrocarbons. In dark varieties, oxyacids and rosin acids, which are insoluble in petroleum ether, occur in increasing amounts . In addition, one can find protocatechuic acid , bitter substances , ethers and lactones . Due to its amorphous structure, rosin does not have a defined melting point . The softening temperature of this qualitatively very different natural resin is generally between 80 ° C and 120 ° C.
Rosin is insoluble in water, but easily soluble in alcohol and many other organic solvents .
use
Electronics / soldering
Rosin used to be used in electronics production as an activator and flux in soft soldering , but in this area of application it has mainly been replaced by fluxes based on alcohol or water with halogen-free activation additives such as stearic , salicylic and adipic acid .
The organic acids contained in the rosin have a reducing effect at high temperatures and remove thin oxide layers from the metallic joining partners. Furthermore, it leads to a smooth surface of the solidifying solder, since its presence also prevents the melt from oxidizing. In many cases it can remain as a thin layer on the soldering point, as it causes little corrosion compared to soldering water or soldering grease - it protects the soldering point from the influence of oxygen and subsequent electrolytic corrosion. However, when heated to a higher degree or in the presence of moisture, rosin also becomes corrosive and is therefore (or for aesthetic reasons) often washed off and replaced by a protective varnish.
It is contained in the flux core of tube solder and also in solder pastes for surface mounting technology (SMD). Rosin was also used as a flux in wave soldering . Soldering tincture for electronic soldering work consists of colophony dissolved in alcohols , which in turn also act as a reducing agent.
Bow resin
Colophony for string instruments is a colophony refined with various substances. It is also known as bow resin or violin resin . The horsehair of the bows of stringed instruments is regularly rubbed with a piece of resin in order to obtain a strong adhesive effect . When the string is bowed, this rapid change of static friction and movement between the bow hair and the string causes the string to vibrate.
There are different qualities, ranging from easy playability for beginners to artist rosin, which enables a greater dynamic range and sound range. In addition, a softer resin is usually used for cellos or double basses , as the thicker strings require greater static friction than, for B. on the violin .
The products can, however, be roughly divided into two groups, the difference between which appears small, but has serious effects. What is meant is the raw material larch resin on the one hand and all other types of softwood resin, such as pine, pine, spruce or fir resin on the other. In each group there are excellent products that - applied alone - present their full quality. If, however, larch resin rosin is mixed with other types of rosin, the two types react with one another, the rosin mixture no longer adheres to the string and can barely move it from its resting position.
Paints / varnishes
Rosin is also dusted on eraser plates as ground dust and then briefly heated. This creates a fine grid of rosin beads, with the help of which flat coloring is possible in artistic gravure printing . This technique is called aquatint .
Colophony was used together with other natural resins such as mastic , copal , dammar , amber and sandarac in mixtures for the production of lacquer. It was replaced as violin varnish because the material is too brittle and creates a less resistant varnish film. It is used as a siccative in natural paints and wood oils .
Colophony is contained in solderable protective coatings for circuit boards .
Colophony can also be a component of certain sealing waxes .
Other uses
Rosin is also suitable as an aromatic incense . However, rosin that was produced for technical applications such as soldering should not be used for this purpose, as it can contain undesirable additives.
Rosin, known since ancient times, was also used as a component of cleansing ointments for the treatment of abscesses or for the therapy of purulent skin ulcers.
In sports, especially in handball , rosin dissolved in alcohol is rubbed onto the ball as an adhesive. As a result, the ball literally sticks to the athlete's hand. However, this is prohibited in many halls for reasons of cleanliness. When climbing , rosin (also known there as “Pof”) is applied to the hands , especially in sandstone , to improve adhesion to the rock. Usually magnesia is used for this, but this is prohibited in some regions. Dancers and weightlifters use rosin for their shoes, which makes them less slippery. Colophony is also a component of hair removal products in cosmetics (e.g. Brazilian waxing ).
Rosin is also used in the manufacture of pyrotechnic ignition lights . Similar to shellac , a malleable mass can be made with the help of rosin.
Greek fire consisted of rosin to a varying extent depending on the source of the tradition.
Rosin is also used in some adhesives and can be part of tree wax .
With alkalis , rosin forms salts (so-called resin soaps ), which are used as emulsifiers and to glue special papers (e.g. waterproof construction paper, similar to oil paper ).
As a scalding pitch (also butcher resin, saupech or scalding resin ) it is used to depilate pigs and poultry. The slaughtered animal is dusted with it and scalded with hot water at 70 ° C. The resin makes it easier to scrape off the hair.
Colophony is also used as a filler when rolling aluminum hollow profiles in order to avoid or keep small wrinkles in the material on the inner radius and elongation indentations on the outer radius. The rosin is warmed up, liquefied and filled into the hollow profile, which is closed on one side . After it has solidified, it can be rolled to the desired radius using a rolling machine and profile rollers adapted to the profile. For emptying, the rolled profile must be heated until the rosin liquefies.
Warmed and dissolved in a non-drying oil such as olive oil, rosin can be used to make a glue ring for trees, which can be left on the bark all year round and replaced at any time. The ring remains sticky and prevents the tree from being infested with crawling and running insects such as ants.
A mixture of 60% rosin, 15% sulfur and 25% iron filings is called silver putty . This silver putty was used to fill hollow silver utensils, especially in the past.
Because of its temperature resistance and corrosion protection properties, the material is used as a component of cooling lubricants .
In the 19th century, a luminous gas was obtained from rosin , the so-called resin gas , which was used for city lighting. However, the resin gas could not prevail in the long term.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Walther : Musical Lexicon [...]. Wolffgang Deer, Leipzig 1732, p. 175.
- ^ Johann Wonnecke von Kaub : Hortus sanitatis German. Peter Schöffer, Mainz 1485, chap. CXXXIV.
- ↑ Dieter Lehmann: Two medical prescription books of the 15th century from the Upper Rhine. Part I: Text and Glossary. (= Würzburg medical historical research. Volume 34). Horst Wellm, Pattensen / Han., Now at Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg, 1985, ISBN 3-921456-63-0 , p. 208.
- ↑ a b c d Entry on rosin. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 7, 2014.
- ↑ Lisa Takler: Volatile compounds and antimicrobial effects of selected resins and balms from AJ. Thesis. Univers. Vienna 2015, pp. 50–59, online (PDF; 3.18 MB), from ubdata.univie.ac.at, accessed on November 2, 2016.
- ^ Entry Tall Oil. at chemicalland21.com, accessed December 9, 2015.
- ↑ ZV Kostyashova: The history of the Kaliningrad Amber Factory 1947-2007. Amber Museum Kaliningrad , 2007, ISBN 978-5-9900474-7-1 .
- ↑ Barbara Kosmowska-Ceranowicz: Definitions and nomenclature of fossil resin. In: Amber - Views - Opinions. International Amber Association, Warsaw / Gdańsk 2006, ISBN 83-912894-1-9 .
- ↑ RÖMPP Lexikon Chemie. Volume 3: H-L. 10th edition. Georg Thieme Verlag, 1997, ISBN 3-13-734810-2 , p. 1787.
- ^ Fritz Ullmann: Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der Technischen Chemie . 6 Volume, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1919, p. 399 f.
- ^ Gerhard Eisenbrand, Peter Schreier: RÖMPP Lexikon Lebensmittelchemie. 2nd Edition. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-13-736602-X , p. 620.
- ↑ Federal Law Gazette . Part 2, No. 39, Bonn 1957. (online) ( Memento of the original from October 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Th. Brock, M. Groteklaes, P. Mischke: Textbook of paint technology. Vincentz, 1998, ISBN 3-87870-569-7 , p. 50.
- ↑ a b Entry on colophony in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on August 11, 2016(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ Entry on rosin in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 11, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
- ↑ K. Dieterich, E. Dieterich, E. Stock: Analysis of the resins balms and gum resins together with their chemistry and pharmacognosy :. 2nd Edition. Springer, 1930, ISBN 978-3-642-89462-6 , pp. 216-230.
- ↑ Anke Gerbeth: The colophony. In: Legato; Trade journal for string instruments in Austria. Vienna / Magdeburg 2006. (online)
- ↑ Reinhard Büll: The big book of wax: history - culture - technology. Part II, Callwey, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-7667-0386-2 , pp. 800-803.
- ↑ Jürgen Martin: The 'Ulmer Wundarznei'. Introduction - Text - Glossary on a monument to German specialist prose from the 15th century. Dissertation . (= Würzburg medical historical research. 52). Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1991, ISBN 3-88479-801-4 , pp. 27 f., 34, 44, 54 f. and 124.
- ↑ Erhart Kahle: The "apostolicum" in Arabic medical literature. In: light of nature. Medicine in specialist literature and poetry: Festschrift for Gundolf Keil on his 60th birthday. (= Göppingen work on German studies. 585). Kümmerle, Göppingen 1994, ISBN 3-87452-829-4 , p. 244.
- ↑ Brockhaus of the natural sciences and technology. 4th edition. F. A. Brockhaus Verlag, Wiesbaden 1958, p. 519.
