Financial accounting
The Financial Accounting ( GL ) is a portion of the operating accounting .
Content of financial accounting
All company-related processes that can be expressed in numerical values are recorded objectively and chronologically, booked to accounts and documented using the accounting methods . At the end of an accounting period (month, quarter, year) the accounts are closed and a balance sheet as well as an income statement (P&L) are drawn up, which prove the profit or loss of the company to internal and external bodies. Financial accounting is required by law for certain types of companies .
The bookkeeping of a company must be kept transparent and, if requested by the tax authorities, be able to be presented even years later. There are also tax audits at irregular intervals . Since the collection and evaluation of the data is now done by EDP , controls are carried out within the programs and also outside by exporting the bookings and importing them into control programs.
In contrast to this, the operating bookkeeping and cost accounting are only used for internal accounting and are not mandatory. It contains a breakdown in cost center or a cost unit accounting .
In larger companies, it is common to split the accounting into accounts receivable , accounts payable and financial accounting.
Differences between financial accounting and cost and performance accounting
| Financial accounting | Cost and performance accounting | |
|---|---|---|
| target | Financial accounting determines the overall result of the company. | Statements about the profitability of the company can be made in the cost and performance accounting. |
| Arithmetic | In financial accounting, all expenses and income for determining the company's results are recorded in the income statement (profit and loss). | The cost and performance accounting determines which services are provided by the company and which costs are caused by these services, where the costs were incurred and to which services they can be allocated. |
See also
- International Financial Reporting Standards
- International Accounting Standards Board
- Accounting standard
literature
- Doris Carius: Financial accounting 1 - 2013 edition , introduction to debit and credit, with 1,000 example postings, with SKR03 and SKR04 accounts. EduMedia-Verlag, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-86718-500-4 .
- Manfred Deitermann, Siegfried Schmolke: Industrial accounting IKR. Financial accounting, analysis and criticism of the annual financial statements, cost and performance accounting. Introduction and practice. 38th, revised edition, 1st printing. Winklers, Braunschweig 2009, ISBN 978-3-8045-6652-1 .
- Carl-Christian Freidank , Hans Eigenstetter: Financial accounting and annual accounts. An introduction to the technology and regulations of accounting in German companies with tasks and solutions. Volume 1: Commercial and industrial companies run as sole traders. Schäffer-Poeschel Verlag , Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-7910-0663-0 .
- Michael Griga, Raymund Krauleidis : Bookkeeping and accounting for dummies. 8th, updated edition, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim 2020, ISBN 978-3-527-71639-5 .
- Heiner Hahn, Klaus Wilkens: Bookkeeping and balance sheet. Volume A: Fundamentals of Accounting. Introduction using the example of industrial accounting. 7th, updated and revised edition. R. Oldenbourg Verlag , Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-58332-8 .
- Danuta Ratasiewicz: quick introduction to financial accounting. 2nd Edition. Haufe-Mediengruppe, Freiburg (Breisgau) et al. 2011, ISBN 978-3-648-01147-8 .
- Günter Wöhe , Heinz Kußmaul : Basics of bookkeeping and accounting technology. (According to the new HGB). 7th, completely revised edition. Vahlen, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-8006-3683-9 .
