Flight figure
Maneuvers are a part of flying. Many flight figures are learned at the beginning of a flying training in order to get the right "feel" for steering an airplane.
education
The first maneuvers should promote the synchronization between ailerons (joystick) and rudder (pedals) and practice maintaining speed. To do this, the following figures are flown at a constant speed:
- Straight flight
- Full circle (360 °)
- Semicircle (180 °)
- Rolling exercises
When the basic maneuvers are mastered, student pilots learn maneuvers that require a feel for the kinetic energy of an aircraft:
- raised travel curve
- Chandelle ( wing over )
- Side glide ( slipping )
At the end of the training, the trainee pilot has to learn to control the aircraft in unusual situations. As an airplane easy one at low speed stall may suffer, all pilots are preparing already in training for this situation. In order to train the behavior of an aircraft in a stall, the following maneuvers are flown:
The spin is actually part of aerobatics . But since almost all aircraft go into a state of spin if you initiate curves with too little speed, you can easily get into this flight figure unintentionally. The spin is a stable flight condition from which the aircraft does not necessarily come out of itself, so knowing how to get out of this figure can save lives and is therefore trained during basic training.
Aerobatics
The aerobatics consists of unusual flight maneuvers that require a high level of skill and knowledge fliegerischem. They are mainly based on the following physical principles: dynamic buoyancy , gravity , central force , circular motion .
Which maneuvers can be flown with an aircraft depends heavily on its load limits. For this reason, aircraft are either fully suitable for aerobatics, only conditionally suitable for aerobatics or not at all approved for aerobatics.
Most aerobatic maneuvers are composed of five elements:
List of aerobatic maneuvers
(Selection)
- Downturn
- Half S ("Split-S)
- Humpty Bump
- Cuban figure eight (flight figure in which the shape of a figure eight lying on its side is flown through two half loops),
- Looping (rollover)
- Roll turn
- Looping eighth (also inverse)
- Immelmann
- Parabolic flight to achieve brief weightlessness
- roll
- Role circle
- Torquing
- Spin
- Turn
- Side glide (stable and fully controllable flight form in all aircraft that are aerodynamically controlled on three axes)
The individual figures are described graphically with Aresti symbols . Demonstrations usually contain several of these figures, at large air shows these are usually carried out in formation flight .
