Maneuvers
The turning pointer shows the position of an aircraft in the event of changes around the longitudinal and vertical axis from the pilot's point of view
Flight maneuvers are changes to the flight behavior of an aircraft by the pilot or the autopilot .
They are carried out navigationally by changing the course , technically by changing the rudder angle . Depending on the rudder, a change in flight attitude is effected in the transverse , longitudinal and / or vertical axis . Changes in the size and / or direction of the speed, for example when turning or during extreme descents and climbs, result in acceleration forces. The acceleration is given in g . 1 g corresponds to 9.81 m / s².
Ordinary maneuvers
- Start with the aim of take-off
- Climb flight (e.g. when taking off , but possible from any flight phase )
- Cruise flight after reaching an altitude above ground (switch on autopilot )
- Dodging on a collision course or to avoid storms that may be flown under or over
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Turning as a fundamental part of changing course with the subspecies
- Sliding curve (skid)
- Lubrication curve
- Descent (e.g. before approach, but also from any flight phase)
- Landing approach , at airfields a traffic pattern , if necessary transverse approach
- Final approach as the last part of the traffic pattern
- Landing with the upstream approach and the subtypes go- around and touch-and-go (touchdown and go-around)
Special maneuvers
- Contour flight - flight that follows the terrain and takes place close to the ground (only for helicopters and military aircraft)
- Formation flight - arrangement of several aircraft next to or on top of one another, often in geometric shapes. Mainly to be found in military air and aerobatic teams.
- Emergency landing with the special case ditching
- Air refueling (mostly in the military)
- Inverted flight in the military and in aerobatics, a rotation around the longitudinal axis by 180 °
- Low-level flight in the military, to prevent radar detection; also in agricultural aviation, for applying fertilizers and sharpening agents; in fire fighting; especially downwash flights with helicopters in disaster control
- Nosedive (military, aerobatics)
- Elevated travel curve in glider flight during the transition from straight flight to circling in the updraft
- Swing Over - short-term change of the approached runway immediately before landing
For figures used exclusively in aerobatics , see figures in aerobatics .
literature
- Walter Schuck: Shoot down! From the Me 109 to the Me 262. Memories of the aerial battles at Jagdgeschwader 5 and 7. Helios, Aachen 2007, ISBN 978-3-938208-44-1 .
Web links
Commons : flight maneuvers - collection of images, videos and audio files
