Maneuvers
Flight maneuvers are changes to the flight behavior of an aircraft by the pilot or the autopilot .
They are carried out navigationally by changing the course , technically by changing the rudder angle . Depending on the rudder, a change in flight attitude is effected in the transverse , longitudinal and / or vertical axis . Changes in the size and / or direction of the speed, for example when turning or during extreme descents and climbs, result in acceleration forces. The acceleration is given in g . 1 g corresponds to 9.81 m / s².
Ordinary maneuvers
- Start with the aim of take-off
- Climb flight (e.g. when taking off , but possible from any flight phase )
- Cruise flight after reaching an altitude above ground (switch on autopilot )
- Dodging on a collision course or to avoid storms that may be flown under or over
-
Turning as a fundamental part of changing course with the subspecies
- Sliding curve (skid)
- Lubrication curve
- Descent (e.g. before approach, but also from any flight phase)
- Landing approach , at airfields a traffic pattern , if necessary transverse approach
- Final approach as the last part of the traffic pattern
- Landing with the upstream approach and the subtypes go- around and touch-and-go (touchdown and go-around)
Special maneuvers
- Contour flight - flight that follows the terrain and takes place close to the ground (only for helicopters and military aircraft)
- Formation flight - arrangement of several aircraft next to or on top of one another, often in geometric shapes. Mainly to be found in military air and aerobatic teams.
- Emergency landing with the special case ditching
- Air refueling (mostly in the military)
- Inverted flight in the military and in aerobatics, a rotation around the longitudinal axis by 180 °
- Low-level flight in the military, to prevent radar detection; also in agricultural aviation, for applying fertilizers and sharpening agents; in fire fighting; especially downwash flights with helicopters in disaster control
- Nosedive (military, aerobatics)
- Elevated travel curve in glider flight during the transition from straight flight to circling in the updraft
- Swing Over - short-term change of the approached runway immediately before landing
For figures used exclusively in aerobatics , see figures in aerobatics .
literature
- Walter Schuck: Shoot down! From the Me 109 to the Me 262. Memories of the aerial battles at Jagdgeschwader 5 and 7. Helios, Aachen 2007, ISBN 978-3-938208-44-1 .
Web links
Commons : flight maneuvers - collection of images, videos and audio files