Forkhead box protein P3
| Forkhead box protein P3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Identifier | ||
| Gene names | FOXP3 ; AIID; DIETER; IPEX; JM2; MGC141961; MGC141963; PIDX; XPID | |
| External IDs | ||
| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | Mammals | |
| Orthologue | ||
| human | mouse | |
| Entrez | 50943 | 20371 |
| Ensemble | ENSG00000049768 | ENSMUSG00000039521 |
| UniProt | Q9BZS1 | Q53Z59 |
| Refseq (mRNA) | NM_014009 | NM_054039 |
| Refseq (protein) | NP_054728 | NP_473380 |
| Gene locus | Chr X: 48.99 - 49.01 Mb | Chr X: 6.74 - 6.75 Mb |
| PubMed search | 50943 |
20371
|
The forkhead box protein P3 ( FoxP3 ), also known as scurfin , is a protein found in the nucleus of mammals . It is a transcription factor that binds to DNA and thus stimulates the expression of proteins that are needed in the regulatory T cells of the immune system . Since FoxP3 is specific for native and peripheral regulatory T cells , they can be detected with it. FoxP3 is also an essential transcription factor for regulatory T cells, since it has been shown that after genetic modification of mice (FoxP3 knockout), these do not form regulatory T cells. Homozygous FoxP3 knockout mice in which FoxP3 was permanently mutated in all cells are not able to reproduce, whereas the heterozygous animals are only able to reproduce to a reduced extent.
When people can mutations in FOXP3 - gene to a polyendokrinen autoimmune disease lead. This is explained by the fact that regulatory T cells suppress autoimmune reactions. The transcription factor FoxP3 comes from the family of the forkhead box proteins .
Regulatory T cells play a role in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus . The excretion of FoxP3 mRNA is increased in such patients, as it is generally after kidney transplantation . In a study on mice, supply of FoxP3 led to the prevention of cancer metastases .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Homologues at OMA
- ↑ DJ Kasprowicz, PS Smallwood u. a .: Scurfin (FoxP3) controls T-dependent immune responses in vivo through regulation of CD4 + T cell effector function. In: Journal of Immunology. Volume 171, Number 3, August 2003, pp. 1216-1223, PMID 12874208 .
- ↑ Kim JM, Rudensky A : The role of the transcription factor Foxp3 in the development of regulatory T cells . In: Immunol Rev . 212, August 2006, pp. 86-98. doi : 10.1111 / j.0105-2896.2006.00426.x . PMID 16903908 .
- ^ Josefowicz SZ, Rudensky A : Control of regulatory T cell lineage commitment and maintenance . In: Immunity . 30, No. 5, May 2009, pp. 616-25. doi : 10.1016 / j.immuni.2009.04.009 . PMID 19464984 .
- ↑ Kryczek I, Liu R, Wang G, et al. : FOXP3 defines regulatory T cells in human tumor and autoimmune disease . In: Cancer Research . 69, No. 9, May 2009, pp. 3995-4000. doi : 10.1158 / 0008-5472.CAN-08-3804 . PMID 19383912 .
- ↑ UniProt Q9BZS1
- ↑ Heinze E, Baldwin S, Chan G, et al. : Antibody-mediated FOXP3 protein therapy induces apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and inhibits metastasis in vivo . In: International Journal of Oncology . 35, No. 1, July 2009, pp. 167-73. PMID 19513564 .
- ↑ Wang G, Lai FM, Tam LS, et al. : Urinary FOXP3 mRNA in patients with lupus nephritis - relation with disease activity and treatment response . In: Rheumatology . 48, No. 7, July 2009, pp. 755-60. doi : 10.1093 / rheumatology / kep074 . PMID 19458162 .
- ↑ Yapici U, Bemelman FJ, Scheepstra CG, et al. : Intragraft FOXP3 protein or mRNA during acute renal allograft rejection correlates with inflammation, fibrosis, and poor renal outcome . In: transplant . 87, No. 9, May 2009, pp. 1377-80. doi : 10.1097 / TP.0b013e3181a24a4b . PMID 19424039 .
- ↑ H. Nie, Y. Zheng et al. a .: Phosphorylation of FOXP3 controls regulatory T cell function and is inhibited by TNF-? in rheumatoid arthritis. In: Nature Medicine . Volume 19, Number 3, March 2013, pp. 322-328, ISSN 1546-170X . doi : 10.1038 / nm.3085 . PMID 23396208 .