Forest plant

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young spruces in the planting bed of a forest nursery

Forest plants are young trees or shrubs that are cultivated for economic use in forest nurseries or Kämpen (forest plant gardens) of the forest administrations.

Krüssmann defines forest plants as " one to three-year-old seedlings and once schooled plants that are grown in a nursery and are generally intended for sale to main or subsidiary forestry operations ". He also counts cuttings (rooted or non-rooted) and wildlings to the forest plants. Wildlings are young plants taken from natural regeneration . Although they are cheap to acquire, they often have poor growth success because a large part of the root mass is lost when they are excavated .

However, the one in the “Law for the Conservation of Forests and the Promotion of Forestry” (Section 2 of the Federal Forest  Act ), where it says:

  1. For the purposes of this law, forest is any area covered with forest plants.

By no means only young plants are meant, but generally forest trees and shrubs that generally form forests or are used for forestry in forest form . It does not matter whether these come from natural or artificial rejuvenation.

Situation in Germany

The production of and trade in forest plants is subject to the Forest Reproductive Material Act (formerly the Forest Seed Act). The purpose of the law is to promote forestry and its efficiency. This should be done through the provision of high quality and identity-secured forest reproductive material. This gives the forest owner the opportunity to use seeds or plants for which precise information is available about their origin and properties. For this purpose, special areas of origin have been identified for the most important forest tree species.

The commercial cultivation of forest plants in forest tree nurseries has been concentrated in southern Schleswig-Holstein since the middle of the 19th century due to particularly suitable climate and soil conditions (humid summers, mild winters and sandy, well-rooted soil) . According to Krüssmann, there were 17,591 hectares of tree nursery areas in Germany in 1977/78  (old federal territory including Berlin), of which 4,131 hectares were in Schleswig-Holstein.

Seed project

For a total of 26 tree species, for hybrid larch and for the genus Populus, the Forest Reproductive Material Act and the Origin Area Ordinance take into account the origin of the reproductive material, i.e. H. Seeds may only be made from officially approved raw material i. d. R. Crop stands, are obtained. The control of the regulations is made more difficult by the fact that, as a result of the EU enlargement, there is increasing trade in seeds and plants across national borders and that this is done with fewer and fewer staff in the authorities due to the high expenditure of time and money involved in official controls. These inadequate controls encourage the use of non-adapted origins and lead to damage to forest development, high follow-up costs for replacement afforestation, loss of profit for forest operations and avoidance or repair of environmental damage. In order to avoid inadequate origin controls and competitive disadvantages for law-abiding producers of forest reproductive material, the project origin control of forest reproductive material by means of stable isotopes , called: Seed project , was established by the German Control Association for Forest Seed and Planting Material .

With the stable isotope analysis using isotope spectrometry (IRMS) Origin control is improved, the method is suitable when the treatment, environmental and plant-related sampling error can be kept low, origin differences that significantly represent. The usual official control of origin has so far been used to take samples from on-site harvest controls, seed tests and plant stocks in tree nurseries, which in individual cases were genetic analyzes using isoenzyme and DNA analysis techniques. These genetic investigations describe the genetic structures of populations, but rarely the designated areas of origin. These genetics are subject to changes in space and time. H. Populations rearrange their genes after each flowering. The content of stable isotopes can be determined in any plant material with the help of mass spectrometry. On behalf of the Northwest German Forest Temptation Institute , funded by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL), the forensic examinations are carried out in the Agroisolab laboratories and the seed database is maintained.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Forest Reproductive Property Act
  2. ↑ Origin control of forest reproductive material using stable isotopes. Retrieved February 26, 2017 .
  3. ^ Final symposium of the BMBF joint project Origin control of forest reproductive material. Retrieved February 26, 2017 .