Fragments (Petronius)

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This article deals with the scattered fragments from the Satyricon of Titus Petronius called Arbiter.

Lore

In addition to the largely coherent parts of the Satyricon, individual fragments and poems have been handed down separately.

Fragments of antiquity and late antiquity

In particular, grammarians found on the linguistic features of the arbiter favor, so that always single words or sentences have been handed down. The first to quote Petronius fragments are the grammarians Terentianus Maurus and Caper (late 2nd / early 3rd century). They are followed by C. Marius Victorinus , Diomedes , Pompeius , Priscian from Mauritania , Servius , Boethius , Pope Damasus , Mallius , Prudentius and Sidonius Apollinaris . A large number of fragments can be found in Fulgentius , others in Isidore of Seville . Quotations from the Satyricon can also be found in Augustine of Hippo and Iulianus of Toledo .

Individual echoes of the Satyricon can also be found in Ausonius , Claudius Claudianus , Dracontius , Eugenius of Toledo and Fortunatus .

The poetry collections

In addition, a number of Petronius poems were transferred to poetry collections because of their outstanding quality. In addition to the old Codex Salmasianus , the Codex Belovac in particular comes from us . ed. Binet 1579 ( X , lost today) of suffering. Vos .. lat. F 111 ( Y ) and the Codex Leidensis Vossianus Lat. Q. 86 ( Z ), a large number of these poems.

Petron fragments in the Middle Ages

The mention or use of Petron in the Middle Ages is remarkable: Petronius is mentioned by Wulfhard von Bourges (866-876), Heiric von Auxerre (around 876), Eugenius Vulgarius (early 10th century), Froumund von Tegernsee (around 960-AD) . 1000), Guido von Arezzo (around 1030), Petrus Damiani (1007-1072), in the Florilegium Gallicum (early 12th century?), With Osbern Pinnock of Gloucester (mid 12th century), Theodoric von Chartres ( around 1140?), Hildebert von Le Mans (1056–1134), William von Malmesbury (around 1135), Theodoros Prodromos (1st half of the 12th century), Johann von Salisbury (1159 and 1167), Alexander Nequam (before 1186?), Giraldus Cambrensis (1191), in the Pseudoquintilian Tribunus Marianis (12th / 13th century), in Guillelmus Brito (1214–17), Elias von Thriplow (13th century), in a Papias / Hugutioglossary of early 13th century, with Vincent von Beauvais (1256/59), with Conradus de Mure (1273), in the Gesta Romanorum (around 1300) and with Johannes Victorinus († 1347). However, none of these testimonies go beyond the scope of the Satyricon that is still known to us today. Only in the Papias / Hugutio glossary are two words that have not been handed down.

Older fragment collections

Pierre Pithou already listed various of these fragments in his Petronius editions of 1577 and 1587.

The Petronius poems experienced a significant increase in the Codex Isidoris Bellovacensis published by Claudius Binetus in 1579 (now lost) .

After the rediscovery of the Cena Trimalchionis around 1650 and its publication (Padua 1664), there was an intensive search for further Petronius fragments. The edition of Hadrianides (Amsterdam 1669) is a product of this completeness mania and lists a large number of fragments and poems completely unsystematically, grossly incorrect and full of arbitrary misspellings, as already in the edition of "Erhard" (= M. Goldast ?) Was prepared in 1610. The list of 35 fragments circulating on the Internet "Fragmenta Petroniana. FRAGMENTA PETRONII QVAE QVIBUS IN LOCIS REPONENDA SINT, INCERTVM EST." is an uncommented reproduction of this list. You must urgently warn against uncritical dissemination.

Burman's collection (2nd edition 1743) is heavily commented, but largely follows Hadrianides and shares his systematic weaknesses.

Modern fragment collections

It was only Franz Bücheler in 1862 that explored the fragments actually attributed to Petron. The numbering of the first 25 fragments goes back to him, which has prevailed to this day (except in Italy and France).

Konrad Müller, who until 1995 only recognized 30 fragments as genuine, names 51 fragments in his revised large edition (2003).

A concordance of the fragment numbers by Müller, Bücheler, Riese and Shackleton Bailey can be found in Giulio Vannini: Petronius 1975-2005: bilancio critico e nuove proposte . (Göttingen, 2007) 13f.

However, Ernout's different count (63 fragments) is still widespread.

literature

  • Franz Bücheler, Berlin 1862, the basic scientific edition. (6th edition by Heraeus Berlin 1922).
  • Petronii Arbitri Satyricon Reliquiae. Edited by Konrad Müller. Extended and corrected edition of the 4th edition from 1995. Munich and Leipzig 2003.