Fraischamt

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A Fraischamt was a legal institution of the Middle Ages and the early modern period , the main task of which was the exercise of high jurisdiction .

definition

Fraischämter were judicial and administrative authorities in the Holy Roman Empire (HRR) that were entrusted with the exercise of high jurisdiction. Her areas of competence included both criminal prosecution and criminal justice . As is customary in other areas of law in the HRR, Fraischämter therefore performed executive and judicial tasks at the same time .

The defining word of the Fraischamt goes back to the term Fraisch . The meaning of the content corresponded to that of the " Cent ", although the origin of the name was different. Because this term was derived from the Latin centum ("hundred"), which went back to the time of the Franconian conquest , as the colonists settled in hundreds .

Names used later for the Fraisch were then high, blood or maleficent jurisdiction. The areas of activity of the Fraischämter were clearly defined and also completely detached from the rest of the state organization. The term "Fraischamt" was mainly used by the secular territories (such as the imperial city of Nuremberg or the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Bayreuth ) in the HRR, its counterpart in the spiritual territories was usually the Centamt . Like the Centers' offices, the Fraischämter were also independent offices, but at least in personal union they were mostly associated with bailiwick offices or nursing or other offices. In some cases they were therefore also referred to as the “Fraischvogteiamt”, which illustrates their dual function.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Hanns Hubert Hofmann : Höchstadt-Herzogenaurach (=  Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part Franconia I, 1). Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 1951, DNB  452071143 , p. 25 ( digitized version ).
  2. ^ Hanns Hubert Hofmann : Neustadt-Windsheim (=  Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part Franconia . I, 2). Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 1953, DNB  452071216 , p. 38 ( digitized version ).
  3. ^ Walter Bauernfeind: City Lexicon Nuremberg . Ed .: Michael Diefenbacher, Rudolf Endres. 2nd, improved edition. W. Tümmels Verlag, Nuremberg 2000, ISBN 3-921590-69-8 , p. 298 . ( Online ).
  4. ↑ Kitzingen . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria . S. 33 ( digital-sammlungen.de [accessed on January 26, 2020]).
  5. ↑ Ingomar Bog : Forchheim (=  Historical Atlas of Bavaria, Part Franconia . I, 5). Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1955, DNB  450540367 , p. 25 ( digitized version ).
  6. ^ Walter Bauernfeind: City Lexicon Nuremberg . Ed .: Michael Diefenbacher, Rudolf Endres. 2nd, improved edition. W. Tümmels Verlag, Nuremberg 2000, ISBN 3-921590-69-8 , p. 298-299 . ( Online ).
  7. ^ Hanns Hubert Hofmann : Nürnberg-Fürth (=  Historical Atlas of Bavaria, Part Franconia I, 4). Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 1954, DNB  452071224 , p. 77 ( digitized version ).