Franciszka man

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Franciszka Mann (mid-1930s)

Franciszka Mann , also Franziska Mann , Franceska Mann , Franciszka Mannówna , stage name Lola Horowitz (born February 4, 1917 in Brod ; † October 23, 1943 in Auschwitz-Birkenau ) was a Polish dancer who, according to eyewitness reports, given her imminent murder in the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau attacked SS men, fatally injuring one and wounding another.

Life

Franciszka Mann was a dancer who performed as a ballet dancer and in night clubs in Warsaw before World War II and was considered one of the best dancers. Her friends included dancers like Wiera Gran and Stefania Grodzieńska .

She was one of the Jews who, as part of the Hotel Polski affair , had been offered the prospect of emigrating to Switzerland or an exchange with German prisoners of war. On October 23, 1943, a train with around 1,700 Polish Jews arrived at Auschwitz-Birkenau. The newcomers were brought to the gas chambers , separated by gender, without registration , in order to be murdered there. When the women in the locker room near the gas chamber were instructed to undress under the pretense that they would be disinfected before continuing their journey, Franciszka Mann managed to hit SS-Oberscharführer Walter Quakernack first with the heel of her shoe on his face and then on him to snatch his pistol. With this she fired three shots at the SS men present. One shot hit SS-Oberscharführer Josef Schillinger , another SS-Oberscharführer Wilhelm Emmerich . Schillinger died while being transported to the hospital, Emmerich was injured in the leg.

Other women are said to have attacked the SS men as well, who ran out of the room. Outside the camp commandant Rudolf Höß had two machine guns positioned and shot at the prisoners. Survivors were then gassed. The following day, SS guards fired indiscriminately into the camp in retaliation, killing 13 prisoners and wounding several.

swell

The incident is described in different details based on eyewitness reports. The most important sources are the memories of members of the Jewish Sonderkommando Filip Müller , Jerzy Tabeau , Tadeusz Borowski and Wiesław Kielar .

literature

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Lola Horowitz , according to a source of birth ( Franziska man: Resistance at the door of death. In: http://www.auschwitz.info . . International Auschwitz Committee eV, Berlin, accessed on February 13, 2019 . )
  2. ↑ It has not been established which bread was the place of birth. It is proven that it was a place called Brod ( Franziska Mann: Resistance at the Door of Death. In: http://www.auschwitz.info . Internationales Auschwitz Komitee e.V., Berlin, accessed on February 13, 2019 . )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Franziska Mann: Resistance at the door of death. In: http://www.auschwitz.info . International Auschwitz Committee e. V., Berlin, accessed on February 13, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Franceska Mann. In: Fact Check. snopes.com, accessed February 13, 2019 .
  3. ↑ According to another representation, the incident should already have occurred at the ramp.
  4. ↑ Filip Müller,  special treatment. Three years in the gas chambers and crematoria at Auschwitz. Munich 1979, pp. 129-141.
  5. ^ Tadeusz Borowski: The Death of Schillinger , in: This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen , New York 1982, pp. 145 f.
  6. ↑ Wieslaw Kielar, Anus Mundi Five Years Auschwitz Frankfurt am Main, 1979. ISBN 978-3-596-23469-1 online
personal data
SURNAME Man, Franciszka
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Husband, Franziska; Husband, Franceska; Mannówna, Franciszka (full name); Horowitz, Lola
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish dancer and victim of the Holocaust
DATE OF BIRTH February 4, 1917
PLACE OF BIRTH Bread
DATE OF DEATH October 23, 1943
Place of death Auschwitz-Birkenau