Francysk Skaryna

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Francysk Skaryna (1517)

Francysk skaryna also Francis, Franciscus or Skoryna or Skorina, ( . White carbon black Францішак Скарына , dt transcription "Franzischak Skaryna", Scientific transliteration "Francišak Skaryna",.. 1470 in Polazk , Großfürstentum Lithuania ; † 1551-1552 in Prague ) was as print the first books in a language form which, although clearly influenced by Church Slavonic , also shows unmistakable features of the regional vernacular of that time, Old Belarusian or Ruthenian .

Today he is considered to be the "first printer in Belarus" (Belarusian: Першы Друкар Беларусі , see also the spread of letterpress printing ). Through his translations of the Bible into this regional variant of Slavonic , he made a decisive contribution to the development of the East Slavic vernacular literature in general and the Belarusian language in particular.

Life

Skarynas Biblia Ruska, 1517

Skaryna was born in Polatsk in 1470. He had a Catholic name, married a Catholic, but published his books for Orthodox. This could be because Skaryna's family was Orthodox, but he himself received his education in the Catholic West and converted to Catholicism there. These facts led to the fact that both denominations argue about him to this day.

Skaryna first studied philosophy at the University of Krakow in 1504 . In 1512 he was awarded a doctorate in healing sciences in Padua , Italy, and also became a famous person at the university there . He later moved to Prague, where between 1517 and 1519 he made and published translations of several books of the Bible . These editions are also of great artistic value.

Skaryna founded the first printing house in Vilnius in the early 1920s , where he published books for the common people .

Skaryna's preliminary and follow-up remarks, as well as other annotations and glosses to the texts he edited, are also of intellectual historical importance.

Skaryna spent the last years of his life as the personal doctor and gardener of King Ferdinand in Prague.

He was buried in Prague in 1551, but his grave has been lost.

Honors

A central street in the Belarusian capital Minsk , which was renamed Independence Boulevard, was named Skarynas until 2005 . In Prague, a memorial was erected to Skaryna at the instigation of the first Belarusian foreign minister, Pyatro Kravchenko (Russian Pyotr Kravchenko ). The Francyk Skaryna Society for the Belarusian Language bears his name.

  • Soviet postage stamp, 1988

  • russian commemorative coin, 1990

  • Skaryna plaque in Prague

  • Skaryna Monument in Prague

Web links

Commons : Francysk Skaryna  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Илья Лемешкин: 1470 - год рождения Ф. Ск ó рина . In: Аляксандр Груша (ed.): Францыск Скарына: новыя даследаванні . Баларуская навука, Мінск, ISBN 978-985-08-2415-8 , pp. 23-85 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Dirk Holtbrügge : Belarus. 2nd ed., Munich, Beck, 2002. p. 33
  3. ↑ a b c d e Frantsisk Skorina. In: thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved December 30, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Vitali Silitski, Jan Zaprudnik: The A to Z of Belarus. Scarecrow Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0810872004 . P. 99.
personal data
SURNAME Skaryna, Francysk
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Скарына, Францішак (Belarusian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Humanist, first printer of the Belarusians
DATE OF BIRTH 1470
PLACE OF BIRTH Polatsk , Grand Duchy of Lithuania
DATE OF DEATH 1541
Place of death Prague