Women's suffrage in Poland

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General women's suffrage in Poland was introduced in 1918. On 28. November 1918 in was Poland , the active and passive suffrage ( Polish Prawo dla wyborcze kobiet ) introduced by decree. This happened simultaneously with the introduction of universal suffrage for men and shortly after the re-establishment of a Polish state (II. Rzeczpospolita) after 123 years of division of the country.

historical development

On Women's Day in 1911, Krakow suffragettes demonstrated for the right to vote in parliament and communities

18th century

In the Polish aristocratic republic, the right to vote was restricted by status and property criteria. Taxpaying women were granted voting rights that were later abolished by Stein's reforms after the partitions in Prussia.

After the First World War

In November 1918 the Polish state was re-established. During the provisional governments of Daszyński and Wróblewski , which were in office for only a few days, women's suffrage was not yet introduced. With the decree of November 28, 1918 on the electoral process for the Sejm , universal suffrage for women and men was introduced in Poland. It included active and passive voting rights.

present

In December 2017, the proportion of women in the Sejm was 28 percent, compared to 39% in France, 30.7% in Germany and 10.1% in Hungary.

Parliamentary elections in Poland 1919

On January 26, 1919 , the first elections for the constituent national assembly (Sejm Ustawodawczy) took place. Men and women from the age of 21 were entitled to vote. The elections took place in the formerly Russian territories, while 41 members of the Austro-Hungarian Reichsrat and the German Reichstag were able to transfer their mandates to the Sejm. By-elections were held on May 2, 1920 for the area of ​​the later connected Polish corridor ( Pomeranian Voivodeship ). The constitutions of February 20, 1919 and March 17, 1921 confirmed the right to vote for women.

The first six women in the National Constituent Assembly in 1919 were: Gabriela Balicka, Jadwiga Dziubińska, Irena Kosmowska, Maria Moczydłowska, Zofia Moraczewska, and Zofia Sokolnicka. Anna Piasecka and Franciszka Wilczkowiakowa moved up in 1920 for Pomeranian and Posen.

See also

literature

  • Mart Martin: The Almanac of Women and Minorities in World Politics. Westview Press Boulder, Colorado 2000. pp. 310f.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Malgorzata Fuszara: Polish Women's Fight for Suffrage. In: Blanca Rodríguez-Ruiz, Ruth Rubio-Marín: The Struggle for Female Suffrage in Europe. Voting to Become Citizens. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden and Boston 2012, ISBN 978 90 04 22425 4 . P. 150.
  2. ↑ Mart Martin, p. 310.
  3. ^ Dziennik Praw Państwa Polskiego No. 18, poz. 46: Decree o ordynacji wyborczej do Sejmu Ustawodawczego (z dnia 28 listopada 1918). (Polish, State Law Gazette, accessed December 8, 2012)
  4. ↑ Monika Storm: First choice? First choice! Women's suffrage in Germany. State Center for Civic Education RLP, Mainz 2018. p. 24.
  5. ↑ Włodziemierz Borodziej: history of Poland in the 20th century . Munich 2010. p. 94. ISBN 978-3-406-60648-9
  6. ^ Full text of the 1921 constitution
  7. ↑ Mart Martin. P. 311