Freihof (Prichsenstadt)
The Freihof is the oldest building in the city of Prichsenstadt . The building is part of the listed Old Town ensemble .
The Freihof was mentioned for the first time in historical sources in 1258 and is considered to be the "original cell of the settlement" of the Brisendorf village at that time. The oldest building in the city has evolved over the centuries from counts, knights and imperial estates to a hotel and restaurant. Shortly before the collapse in 2002, the Freihof was renovated for ten years. A hotel is currently operated in the property.
History of the Freihof
In 1258, Brisendorf was first mentioned in a document from the Counts of Castell. According to oral tradition in the Prichsenstädter area, the village emerged from a single sheep farm (Freihof). In 1331 Brisendorf was loaned or sold to the foxes of Dornheim. Since Brisendorf had a compact, internal structure that resulted from the manorial rule of a single lord - the external sign of this was the building yard of the castle - and had built a fortified seat, Emperor Charles IV bought this castle to strengthen the land bridge between Bohemia and Luxembourg possessions the foxes of Dornheim in 1366. In 1367 Charles IV raised Brisendorf to the status of a town, which from then on was called Prichsenstadt, and ceded it to his son Wenzel . The bailiff represented the rights of the city lord and, as the deputy of the crown, he was responsible for the full use of the manorial building yard, whose function was primarily to ensure the bailiff's pay and the supply of the castle.
The city of Prichsenstadt had acquired a reputation as an asylum soon after it was founded. Anyone who had committed murder could flee there and negotiate settlement from here. The clearance extended to the entire district of the city of Prichsenstadt, not to individual buildings such as the "Freihof", the former building yard of the castle, which owes its name to the fact that its owner was exempt from various civil duties. However, the privilege of the free city is not proven by a written document. The city's right to asylum was probably derived from the fact that Prichsenstadt, through its founder, Emperor Charles IV, was directly subject to the Bohemian and indirectly to the imperial jurisdiction, while local jurisdictions were responsible in the vicinity of the city.
In 1437, Margrave Johann IV of Ansbach became city lord of Prichsenstadt due to the inheritance law. The stately building yard was the largest coherent economic area in the urban area (approx. 47 hectares). In 1457 Prichsenstadt passed to the Margrave Albrecht Achilles by renouncing Johann IV. In 1462 the Bishop of Würzburg took Prichsenstadt, plundered and destroyed it. In 1463 Prichsenstadt was again part of the margravial territory through the Peace of Prague . One of the measures that the Margrave took to rebuild Prichsenstadt was to integrate the building yard into the urban agriculture. The building yard was removed from the bailiff's salary and awarded to a commoner. In spite of this, the far-reaching independence (preferential position) of the court within the Prichsenstädter agricultural economy and also vis-à-vis the bailiff of the city was preserved, as certain special burdens (increased taxes and services) numerous special rights, such as the exemption from all civil burdens, e.g. B. Tithe , guard, etc. faced. The “escorts” (asylum seekers) also had to help him with harvest work; a claim that was inherited from the castle affiliation. Since the court was directly subordinate to the bailiff and not, like the citizens, to the council, it was later named "Freihof". The stately measures to rebuild the Freihof served as a model case for the rebuilding of the entire city. The margrave exempted the Freihof owner from paying taxes for the first three years. For this he repaired the buildings that had been destroyed in the war.
In 1492 the Freihof was named "Wanhof" or "Zöllnershof" according to the town book. In 1525, at the beginning of the Peasant War , Prichsenstadt tried to remain neutral. In order to avoid the destruction of the city, Prichsenstadt provided the rebels with 17 men and guns and was spared. In 1527, Prichsenstadt slowly developed into a commercial town during the Reformation . In 1593, according to the town book, the Freihof was owned by a doctor named Kummer and was named "Doktorshof". A new building was completed in 1594. Afterwards the Freihof had a tax value of 3,000 guilders. Therefore, the obligation to pay the sovereigns was reduced and the court was exempted from city tax in a special lordly favor. Since the Freihof was too expensive for the Prichsenstadt citizens, who had the right of advance sales - within 50 years the sales value rose from 280 guilders in 1549 to 6,000 guilders in 1601 - the Freihof came into the possession of various people one after the other noble families who used it for agriculture. The privilege of the courtyard repeatedly led to differences between the Freihof owner and the citizens. In 1603 the court of the margravate passed to the Brandenburg line.
In 1610 the Frankish imperial cities held a convent in Prichsenstadt. The Frankish imperial knighthood met several times in the 17th century in the Freihof to discuss how they could protect their threatened rights against the growing power of the bishopric. The orientation of the surrounding town houses was based on the original planning of the city center or the city center (church, palace and courtyard) and its floor plan.
In 1632, the place was stormed and sacked by the Wallensteiners . After the Thirty Years' War , Prichsenstadt, which had not had its own bailiff since the time after the Reformation, was subordinated to the Oberamt Uffenheim. Towards the end of the 17th century, after a number of aristocrats, the commoners took over the Freihof again. Thus the farm was largely integrated into the urban economy. In the 18th century the Freihof was the only fully equipped courtyard in Prichsenstadt. He still owned 108 small Frankenmorgen fields and 18 small Frankenmorgen meadows. In 1745 the rulers sold the farm because it was not needed as a basis for the salary of the bailiff or the Kastner. The Prichsenstädter had the right of first refusal. Eventually two buyers shared the yard. As a result, the rulers received higher income. In 1799 an edict by the Prussian government revoked the city's right to asylum, which over time concentrated exclusively on the Freihof. The reasons for admission to asylum were interpreted more and more freely from the 17th century onwards: in addition to adulterers and murder suspects, debtors were recently admitted.
In 1803 Prichsenstadt fell to Bavaria . As a result, the settlement lost that special position that had been created by the purchase of Prichsendorf for the Crown of Bohemia in 1366. Now the city has been integrated into the surrounding area. The gradual loss as a central location was the result. Customs privilege and escort had now lost their meaning; the actual city function slowly died out. In 1810 Prichsenstadt fell to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg through the Treaty of Paris . With the Vienna Final Act , Bavaria received all of the francs in 1815 . Prichsenstadt finally fell to Bavaria and completely lost its official status; it became a pure country town. As a result, the population fell sharply. In 1829 the Freihof came into the possession of the Dürr family and was used as an inn with a dance hall on the upper floor and as a brewery. In 1888 the owner Barung Frank used the Freihof as a cattle and horse trade, the largest in the whole area. The knight's hall was rebuilt, three half-timbered walls were removed, the floor renewed, and a Prussian capped ceiling 1.40 m below the former knight's hall floor.
In 1938 the Jewish Frank family was expropriated and evicted. In 1939 the Prichsenstadt Jews were housed in the Freihof. During the Second World War, the building stood empty until refugees took up residence there after the war. In 1949 Alfons Hyna bought the Freihof and used it as a cattle shop. In 2002 IEV-Betriebs GmbH bought the farm, which was renovated and restored. In 2011 and 2012 the restaurant and hotel opened.
Owner of the Freihof
- 1258 Counts of Castell
- 1331 Foxes from Dornheim
- 1366 Emperor Charles IV (King of Bohemia)
- 1381 Burgrave Friedrich V of Nuremberg
- 1397 Burgrave Johann III.
- 1401 Wittelsbacher
- 1403 Burgraves of Nuremberg
- 1420 Burgrave Friedrich VI.
- 1437 Margrave Johann IV of Ansbach
- 1457 Margrave Albrecht Achilles
- 1462 Bishop of Würzburg
- 1463 Margraves of Ansbach, awarded to commoners
- 1562 Kastner of the city
- 1593 Doctor Kummer
- 1599 Junker Caspar Zoller von der Hallburg
- 1603 Margraviate of Brandenburg
- 1693 Johann Dietrich
- 1721 Michael Prechtel
- 1734 Martini
- 1745 Two bourgeois owners
- 1803 Kingdom of Bavaria
- 1810 Grand Duchy of Würzburg
- 1815 Kingdom of Bavaria
- 1829 Dürr (inn and brewery)
- 1888 Baruch Frank, cattle and horse dealer
- 1938 Administration 3rd Reich (refugee quarter)
- 1945 Schubert's right of residence
- 1949 Alfons Hyna, cattle dealer
- Owned by Lydia Heming until 2002
- 2002 IEV Betriebs GmbH & Co. KG
literature
- S. Wöppel: Prichsenstadt .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wöppel, p. 21 ff
- ↑ Wöppel, p. 311 ff
- ↑ Wöppel, p. 123 ff
- ↑ (Wöppel, p. 127 ff)
- ↑ Wöppel, p. 250 ff.
- ↑ Imprint of the website
Coordinates: 49 ° 49 ′ 4.9 " N , 10 ° 21 ′ 15.2" E