Güglingen open-air museum
The archaeological open-air museum in Güglingen deals with the remains of Güglingen from Roman times .
history
As early as 1841, the pastor at the time, Karl Klunzinger, examined the archaeological monuments near Güglingen on the basis of numerous individual finds. At that time, however, it was still assumed that only a single Roman estate existed here. In the years 1999 to 2005 excavations were carried out on an area of around 4.5 hectares in what is now Güglingen's industrial area. It turned out that the place was significantly larger in Roman times than in later phases. During the excavation, more than 30 houses, a public bath and two mithraea were examined.
The vicus , the Latin name of which is unknown, may have comprised a total of around 80 houses on an area of ten hectares. It was at the intersection of Zabertalstrasse and a street that led from Walheim into town. Presumably, the place, which was settled by Romans from around 120 to 250 AD, was only an economic, but not a military center. Most of the craftsmen and traders lived in his strip houses . The settlement was evidently evacuated according to plan in the middle of the 3rd century, when fires were set on many buildings. After this retreat of the Romans settled in the 270 years Alemanni in the area of which is about two generations lived there.
investment
A large part of the ancient buildings are now built over or at least not excavated. The open-air facility is located in the immediate vicinity of the municipal building yard, industrial plants and streets and can therefore only present two streets or paths that correspond to the ancient traffic routing in Güglingen. In addition, there are the outlines of two houses, indicated above ground, with their gardens or courtyards and enclosures. One of these houses had a well eight meters deep, which was restored. Next to it is a wicker fence typical of the time.
On the outskirts of the former place and in the center of today's open-air facility is one of two Mithraea that were found here in a narrow space. Mithraeum I, which was excavated in 1999, is now covered by the ground again. This mithraeum was the older such sanctuary on site. The massive stone building was erected in the second half of the 2nd century and later changed. It existed until the 3rd century. His cult room was about 65 square meters.
From 2002 to 2004 the somewhat smaller Mithräum II, a timber frame building, was excavated. Three phases of construction can be identified here, the third of which has been remodeled today with timbers. In this third form, the building existed, which was originally erected around the middle of the 2nd century, roughly from the beginning to the middle of the 3rd century. As with many other buildings in the vicus, deliberate fire to destroy the structure can be assumed. The equipment of the cult room was largely retained. The ceiling painting, for example, is interesting, as it does not typically show a starry sky, but geometric ornamentation. Inside the mithra there were numerous consecration stones and cult implements, including drinking vessels, a cult sword and an iron crown. These original finds are located in a true-to-scale reconstruction of the Mithräum in the Roman Museum in Güglingen. The reconstruction presented in the open-air area shows the subdivision into anteroom and cult room as well as the layout of the actual cult room with bricked-up and oak-slatted podiums on the long sides. The plastered wall joints of these podiums show the antique red decorative line. Several information boards on the outdoor area provide information about the Mithras cult.
Entrance side of the Mithraum II
View into the cult room
Side view
The complex is overgrown with plants that have already been proven for the ancient settlement by paleobotanical studies. It is freely accessible at all times, but cannot be described as barrier-free.
literature
- Andrea Neth: Far away from the military: the vicus of Güglingen. In: Vera Rupp , Heide Birley (Hrsg.): Country life in Roman Germany. Theiss, Stuttgart 2012, ISBN 978-3-8062-2573-0 , pp. 99-102.
- Klaus Kortüm , Andrea Neth: Romans in Zabergäu. Excavations in the vicus of Güglingen, Heilbronn district . In: Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg 2002, pp. 116–121
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.limesseiten.de/LIMES/SONSTIGES/GUEGLINGEN.HTML
- ↑ http://www.hums.canterbury.ac.nz/clas/ejms/arch_reports/2006-AR-brodbeck.pdf (PDF)
Coordinates: 49 ° 3 ′ 42 ″ N , 9 ° 0 ′ 17 ″ E