Frieda Freise

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Frieda Freise , née Kalmanowitsch, (born November 7, 1886 in Dissna (Wilna), Russia; died November 28, 1938 in Rosenheim ), was a German pediatrician and city school doctor from Chemnitz. She played a key role in founding the Chemnitz mother school. Freise was persecuted as a Jew during the Nazi era and lost positions and offices.

Live and act

Frieda Freise's father was a Baltic Jewish lawyer and member of the First Russian Duma.

She studied medicine in Bern and Strasbourg from 1906 to 1911 and completed her studies with a doctorate with the title Influence of pregnancy and childbirth on tuberculosis in Strasbourg . From 1911 to 1913 she worked at the Bürgerhospital and the midwifery school in Strasbourg. In May 1912 she passed the medical state examination according to Russian standards in Saint Petersburg . 1913-14 she was a trainee doctor at the Surgical Polyclinic Institute of the University of Leipzig . From 1915 to 1916 she went to the University Children's Hospital in Göttingen as an assistant doctor .

In 1916 she married the senior physician at the Leipzig University Children's Hospital, Dr. Eduard Freise in a war wedding, who died in March 1921. From 1916 to 1919 she did military service in infant and child welfare in the naval fortress Wilhelmshaven . In 1921 she received her medical license in Germany after her Russian license was recognized and was able to settle down as a doctor in Leipzig. She therefore worked again as an assistant doctor at the University Children's Clinic in Leipzig from 1921 to 1922. There she was employed in the nursery and held the outpatient clinic. In addition, she headed the affiliated maternity care center.

In October 1922 she was appointed to the office of district welfare doctor at the district association of the Stollberg district administration and worked in the Ore Mountains as a city, school and district welfare doctor until 1925. In this position, she was responsible for looking after the students at 14 educational establishments as well as serving at the municipal maternity care center. In 1924 she converted, joined the Evangelical Reformed Church and was baptized in Stollberg. In 1925 she became a city school doctor in Chemnitz. Freise was particularly active in the field of school hygiene and welfare and was a major supporter of the Chemnitz Mothers School, founded in 1927 at Dresdner Str. 7. There she held courses for mothers until she was released. She was also involved in free youth care, for example at the YMCA .

The Nazi authorities put her into retirement on July 31, 1933 because of her Jewish origins. During this time she initially continued to practice as an employee of a general practice at Zschopauer Str. 173, but was increasingly exposed to reprisals. So it was run as a "Jewish tradesman".

In 1937 she became the focus of a smear campaign by the National Socialists and, after losing her license to practice medicine, decided to move to Prutting near Rosenheim in Upper Bavaria in July 1938 . There she witnessed the pogroms in November 1938 .

Until 1938 Frieda Freise was a member of the German Society for Pediatrics.

Frieda Freise has a son from her marriage to Eduard Freise, Valentin Freise (1918–2002), who was born in Wilhelmshaven.

Commemoration

On the occasion of the 875th anniversary of the city of Chemnitz in 2018, a documentary by the Chemnitz filmmaker Beate Kunath with the collaboration of Ursel Schmitz about women personalities who have shaped the city over the centuries was released under the title Hurray! It's a girl! It contains a biographical sketch of Frieda Freise, along with 24 other women in the city.

Frieda Freise's biography was also included in the exhibition Fragments by the historian Daniel Ristau in 2018 , which was shown simultaneously in Chemnitz, Leipzig and Dresden.

literature

  • Jürgen Nitsche: The city school doctor Dr. Frieda Freise (1886–1938) and the “Chemnitzer Mütterschule”. A doctor with Jewish roots . In: Caris-Petra Heidel (ed.): The woman in Judaism. Jewish women in medicine . Publication series Medicine and Judaism, Vol. 12, Mabuse-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2014, ISBN 978-3-86321-221-6 , pp. 143-165.
  • Jürgen Nitsche: Freise, Dr. med. Frieda . In: Chemnitz City Archives: From Alberti to Zöppel: 125 biographies on Chemnitz's history . Issue 4. Radebeul 2000, p. 30.
  • Pia Richter: Women in Science. The first female habilitation students at the Leipzig Medical Faculty (1925–1970) . Contributions to Leipzig University and Science History, Series B, Vol. 5, Leipzig 2005, ISBN 3-374-02281-2 , pp. 40–41.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Frieda Freise Dr. med., pediatrician, city school doctor. In: dgkj.de. German Society for Child and Adolescent Medicine V., accessed on March 9, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Daniel Ristau: Frieda Freise (1886-1938) - a doctor and double pogrom experience. In: bruchstuecke1938.de. HATiKVA eV - The Hope Education and Meeting Center for Jewish History and Culture Saxony, accessed on March 9, 2020 .
  3. ↑ a b Frieda Freise, b. Kalmanovich. In: Database Doctors in the Empire - geschichte.charite.de. Institute for the History of Medicine and Ethics in Medicine, Charité, Berlin, accessed on March 9, 2020 .
  4. ^ Catalog of the German National Library. Retrieved March 12, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Beate Kunath: Hurray! It's a girl! In: bk-productions.de. Retrieved March 6, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Hendrik Lasch: Police: Do not protect synagogues! A triple exhibition documents the November 1938 pogroms in Saxony. In: neue-deutschland.de. October 6, 2018, accessed March 9, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Freise, Frieda
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kalmanowitsch, Frieda (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pediatrician, city school doctor of Chemnitz
DATE OF BIRTH November 7, 1886
PLACE OF BIRTH Dissna (Vilna), Russia
DATE OF DEATH November 28, 1938
Place of death Rosenheim