Friedrich Ludwig Kanoffski von Langendorf
Friedrich Ludwig Kanoffski von Langendorf (* 1592 , † 1645 in Strasbourg ) was city commander of Freiburg im Breisgau on the side of the Swedes and Bernhard von Weimar during the Thirty Years' War .
Life
Friedrich Ludwig Kanoffski comes from the Palatinate-Württemberg line of the Bohemian knight family of the Chanowsky-Dlauhowesky von Langendorf . He was the son of forester Heinrich Chanowsky von Langendorf and Johanna, nee Raphi.
City commandant in Freiburg under Swedish occupation
In the course of the first conquest of Freiburg in the Thirty Years' War towards the end of 1632 by the Swedes under General Horn , Oberwachtmeister Kanoffski, who came from a noble Bohemian family, became city commander in 1633. His commandant's office is characterized by tolerance towards the Catholic population, who, however, have to endure all the suffering of the war under an occupation of 1,500 men. Kanoffski lives in the house of Junker Johann Balthasar Stump, where he gets to know and love the daughter of Anna Jolantha. The following mixed marriage has two children. A total of 200 good Catholic citizens are said to have been married in a Lutheran way during the Swedish occupation.
Takeover of the city by the Spaniards
At the end of October 1633, a Spanish force of 16,000 men under Duke Feria approached Freiburg and forced the Swedish occupation to evacuate the city. As early as October 21, city commander Kanoffski had the city colonel master summoned: The imperial forces are getting closer and closer and Freiburg is untenable; that's why I say goodbye. What evil happens during my command should be ascribed not to me, but to the wretched war. I hereby hand over the keys of the gates . He then left Freiburg and joined the army of Bernard von Weimar on the Upper Rhine.
Again city commander under Bernard von Weimar
When Bernard von Weimar stood before Freiburg with a French-Swedish army at Easter 1638, Kanoffski was among the besiegers. He sends a report to the city through a farmer that he hopes to be eating Freiburg cakes again in a few days . His wish is fulfilled, because on White Sunday after 11 days of bombardment, Freiburg surrenders with the assurance of sparing looting and free withdrawal for the occupation. Now Kanoffski not only gets his home-made cake, but Bernard also appoints him as town commander. After the untimely death of his first wife, Kanoffski did not have a bridal show in Freiburg this time, but married Maria Salome Wetzlerin von Marsilien in Strasbourg in 1639. When the newlywed city commandant shows up in Freiburg, the city council worships a necklace of a thousand grenades and two gold rings.
Kanoffski vigorously defends the interests of the citizens of Freiburg when Bernard von Weimar wants to use them to work on entrenchments during the siege of Breisach . After the fall of the imperial fortress, Richelieu wanted to immediately appoint a French city commander, but the Duke of Weimar did not agree to that and instead made Breisach the seat of a Princely Saxon government .
When the Duke unexpectedly dies in 1639, the French take over his possessions and troops. Now it is Kanoffski who initially successfully opposes direct collaboration, because one could then be taken into vows by another nation and soon be measured in French . All resistance is in vain. After first paying homage to the Swedish queen under Protestant rule and then swearing the oath to the Princely Saxon government in Breisach in 1639, the Freiburg residents finally had to swear allegiance to the French sovereign in 1642.
Siege of Freiburg by the imperial
In 1644 a Chur-Bayerische-Reichs-Armada under its General Field Marshal Franz von Mercy with about 10,000 infantry and almost as many mounted soldiers, under the orders of Jan van Werth , moved west. Anticipating the arrival of the Bavarian troops, fortress commander Kanoffski tried to prepare Freiburg with a crew of only 1650 men to be ready for defense. He ordered that the bakers should again stock up on fruit in stock, that all farmers should leave the city and that the landlords no longer had to issue night slips for such and foreigners in general . To ensure a free field of fire and so that the besiegers could not entrench themselves in the buildings in front of the city, Kanoffski had the women's convents of St. Agnes, Clara and Magdalena, the Reuerinnenkloster and the monastery of the Regular Sisters blown up, as well as all grinding mills and the Lehener and burn down the preacher suburb. In late June, Mercy began the siege. The attackers kept breaking new holes in the ancient fortification wall. The besiegers also threw fireballs into the city.
This time Kanoffski did not spare his citizens, so they complained: Not only are we being brought into extreme poverty by the food and drink of the soldiers, but also being forced with the sword to even throw out storm jugs during the fight and to close the breaches made wall up But complaining doesn't help. The citizens had to stay on in Stattgraben, carry pallisades, leave the holes, throw straws, hand them over to the throwers and thereby only give the leyb .
Surrender of the city
Freiburg surrenders on July 27, 1644 and is occupied by the imperial family. The Bavarians lost 1,600 men during the month-long siege, while Kanoffski still had 1,000 men from his Swedish-French occupation. The commanding officer and his brave defenders are granted an honorable deduction in the classic manner with sounding game, with flying flags, with a burning fuse and with a bullet in the mouth in the French fortress of Breisach.
Friedrich Ludwig Kanoffski died in Strasbourg as early as 1645 and was buried there in the St. Thomas Church.
Varia
Because of the profitable marriage with Anna Jolantha Stump and the other events during his function as town commander, the name Kanof or Kanug became popular for von Langendorf . In Freiburg, this used to be understood as a particularly devious or sly head.
swell
- ↑ a b c d Heiko Haumann and Hans Schadek, editors, History of the City of Freiburg, Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2001
- ^ A b Joseph Bader, History of the City of Freiburg im Breisgau, Herdersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Freiburg 1882/83
- ↑ a b Hans-Helmut Schaufler, The battle near Freiburg im Breisgau 1644, Rombach & Co, Freiburg 1979
literature
- History of the city of Freiburg , published on behalf of the city of Freiburg i. Br. Von Heiko Haumann and Hans Schadek ( ISBN 3-8062-1635-5 )
- Joseph Bader, History of the City of Freiburg im Breisgau , Herdersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Freiburg 1882/83
- Hans-Helmut Schaufler, The Battle of Freiburg im Breisgau 1644 , Verlag Rombach & Co, Freiburg 1979
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kanoffski von Langendorf, Friedrich Ludwig |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | City commandant of Freiburg in the Thirty Years War |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1592 |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1645 |
| Place of death | Strasbourg |