frustration
A frustration is the experience of an involuntary renunciation of the fulfillment of an expectation or a wish .
Etymology and usage
The word frustration comes from the Latin frustra = in vain or frustratio = "deception of an expectation".
In colloquial language, the term frustration is used to denote a feeling of displeasure or disaffection .
The adjective " frustrating " is used in medical reports, for example to show the futility of therapy. What is meant is "in vain", "without effect".
Perspective of classical psychoanalysis
Causes of frustration can unzuträglichen in a constellation in the external world (external frustration) or by the unconscious generated refusal of engine requirements by the super-ego (inner frustration) are. Frustration also arises from actual or perceived disadvantage, disappointed expectations and injustices suffered, which are expressed in a state of disappointment . Immediate negative consequences can be aggression , long-term burnout syndrome or depression .
State of frustration
The state of frustration can either be deduced from its consequences as an intervening variable or it can be recorded directly, for example with the help of psychophysiological measurements. It depends on an individual's tolerance for frustration , that is, on the individual's ability to endure frustrating conditions.
The frustration reactions can be divided into extrapunitive , intropunitive and impunitive ( punitive ~ punitive). The person affected accordingly constructs various cause-and-effect relationships: In extrapunitive frustration reactions, external factors are identified as causes of frustration, for example other people. With the intropunitive, the causes are understood in oneself. The trivialization of the causes of frustration is an impunitive frustration reaction.
Frustration hypotheses
Different hypotheses are discussed in psychology and behavioral biology , such as the frustration-aggression hypothesis , the frustration-regression hypothesis and the frustration-fixation hypothesis . The frustration can manifest itself in aggression , depression , regression , rationalization or sublimation . (see also defense mechanism )
The term frustration does not designate the factors that hinder the achievement of a goal, but the condition and its consequences. Are frustrating factors
- external, such as B. a threat of violence or a ' dilemma ' (decision-making dilemma ), lack of opportunities for satisfaction, or
- internal ones, such as self-control or demands of conscience.
Unsystematic alternation of reward and punishment or delaying states of satisfaction are also considered frustration factors; they can lead to an insecure attachment in children .
literature
- John Dollard, Leonhard W. Doob, Neal E. Miller: Frustration and Aggression. (USA 1939) Beltz Weinheim 1982, ISBN 3-407-12418-X / ISBN 0-313-22201-0 ( English ).
- Leonard Berkowitz: Outline of social psychology. Juventa 1986, ISBN 3-7799-0305-9 .
- Leonard Berkowitz: Aggression. Its causes, consequences, and control. New York 1993, ISBN 1-56639-033-8 .
Web links
See also
- Self-determination theory : frustration (SDT) as a failure to satisfy basic psychological needs
Individual evidence
- ↑ Duden. German universal dictionary. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Dudenverlag, Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 2007. ISBN 3-411-05506-5
- ^ Entry ( Memento from May 4, 2007 in the web archive archive.today ) in Roche Lexicon Medicine, 4th edition; Urban & Fischer Verlag, Munich 1984/1987/1993/1999, accessed on October 5, 2015.
- ↑ Uwe Henrik Peters: Lexicon Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Medical Psychology, Edition: 6 - 2007, p. 199. here online
- ↑ Wolfgang Seidel (Prof. em.): Burnout: Recognize, prevent, overcome. Learn to control your own emotions. How the latest findings help. Humboldt-Verlag 2011. p. 68.