Fruttuaria Abbey
The Abbey Fruttuaria (Latin Abbatia Fructuariensis ) is a former important Benedictine monastery in the area of the municipality of San Benigno Canavese about 20 km north of Turin in Piedmont , Italy .
history
Fruttuaria Monastery was founded at the beginning of the 11th century by the Cluniac monk and monastery reformer Wilhelm von Dijon (Wilhelm von Volpiano) with the help of members of his family. The laying of the foundation stone on February 23, 1003 took place in the presence of Ottobiano, Bishop of Ivrea , Arduin , Margrave of Ivrea and King of Italy and his wife Berta. King Arduin granted the founding of the monastery in 1005 the freedoms of Cluny - especially the free election of abbots - which was the first time that these were introduced to the territory of the empire. The monks elected Wilhelm's pupil Johannes as the first abbot of Fruttuaria. The monastery itself was completed in 1006/1007. After his defeat by the Ottonian Henry II, King Arduin retired as a monk to the monastery and died here on December 15, 1015 (or October 14, 1014). At Wilhelm's request, Fruttuaria was given protection by the king from Emperor Heinrich II . In addition, Wilhelm succeeded in obtaining the exemption of Fruttuaria from the Pope from the Bishop of Ivrea, to whose district Fruttuaria originally belonged. Even the Bishop of Langres confirmed the abbey at the request of the monastery's founder independence from its jurisdiction. In 1027 Pope John XIX subordinated . the monastery under his direct supervision. When Wilhelm died in 1031, the abbey already had 100 monks.
The Fruttuaria Abbey followed the Benedictine rule according to the interpretation and customs of Cluny and passed on this Ordo Fructuariensis from the second half of the 11th century as the center of a monastic reform movement. This Benedictine reform movement has also reached Germany since 1070: through Archbishop Anno of Cologne , the monastic customs (Consuetudines) of Fruttuaria found their way into the Abbey of St. Michael in Siegburg in 1070, and in 1072 by Empress Agnes in the Black Forest monastery of St. Blasien .
The Fruttuaria Monastery had its greatest heyday in the 12th and 13th centuries, a time when the abbots minted their own coins. In 1265 the abbey owned 85 churches in Italy alone, as well as four parishes, the quattro terre abbaziali San Benigno Canavese, Montanaro , Lombardore and Foglizzo . Other goods were in France and Austria. At that time the monastery was inhabited by around 1200 monks.
The decline began in the 14th century, and in 1477 the monks lost the right to appoint their own abbot. From now on an abbot was appointed in commendam as well as a vicar who represented him as a papal concession. In 1585 Pope Sixtus V dissolved the Benedictine monastic abbey and converted it into a pen .
In 1710, Duke Viktor Amadeus II of Savoy had the terre abbaziali occupied. The occupation ended in 1741 when the Pope renounced territorial rule. In 1749 Cardinal Carlo Vittorio Amedeo delle Lanze became the new Commendatarabbot of Fruttuaria. In 1770 he had the Romanesque remains of the church and monastery torn down, leaving only the campanile standing, and building a new church in the late Baroque style according to plans by Bernardo Antonio Vittone and Mario Quarini . He also founded a seminary there, which inherited his entire fortune after his death in 1784.
In 1979, through work on the installation of a heating system, mosaics from the 11th century were found. Excavations also brought the foundations of the Romanesque church to light. This work was completed in May 2004.
literature
- Bruno Albers (ed.): Consuetudines Monasticae Vol. IV. Consuetudines fructuarienses necnon cystrensis in Anglia monasterii et congregationis vallymbrosanae . Soc. Ed. Castri Casini, Montecassino 1911, pp. 3-191.
- Bruno Albers: Investigations into the oldest monastic habits: A contribution to the history of the Benedictine order of the X. – XII. Century . Lentner, Munich 1905, reprint Bremen 2013, pp. 73–84.
- Stefano Benedetto: Sfogliamo le Consuetudini di Fruttuaria. Effata Editrice, Cantalupa 2011, ISBN 9788874026623 .
- Mariano Dell'Omo : L'abbazia medievale di Fruttuaria . In: Miscellanea Cassinese, vol. 52 (1985), p. 185-201.
Web links
- Fruttuaria . Publications in the bibliographic database of the Regesta Imperii .
Individual evidence
- ^ Theodor Schieffer (Ed.): Handbook of European history . Volume 1: Europe in the transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages. Klett-Cotta, 1976, ISBN 978-3-12907530-2 , p. 1057
- ^ Gert Melville : The world of the medieval monasteries . CH Beck, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-63659-2 , p. 68 .
- ^ Francesco Cognasso : Storia di Torino. Giunti Editore, 2002, ISBN 9788809028838 , p. 74
- ↑ Pietro Stella: DELLE LANCE, Carlo Vittorio Amedeo Ignazio. In: Massimiliano Pavan (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 38: Della Volpe-Denza. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1990.