Fusel oil

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The articles accompanying alcohol and fusel oils overlap thematically. Help me to better differentiate or merge the articles (→  instructions ) . To do this, take part in the relevant redundancy discussion . Please remove this module only after the redundancy has been completely processed and do not forget to include the relevant entry on the redundancy discussion page{{ Done | 1 = ~~~~}}to mark. 2003: CD: 7F12: A00: 91D7: FECE: F417: 5823 3:30 PM , Jul 22, 2020 (CEST)

Fusel oil is a mixture of medium and higher alcohols (so-called fusel alcohols , predominantly 1-propanol , 2-methyl-1-propanol , (S) -2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol , see also Accompanying alcohols ), fatty acid esters , terpenes , furfurals , acetals , aldehydes and carboxylic acids as well as some other substances. They are created from amino acids during alcoholic fermentation as by-products of yeast metabolism and are used as flavor and aroma carriers in beer , wine and spirits .

  • Propanol
    (bp 97 ° C)

  • Isobutanol
    (bp 108 ° C)

  • (S) -2-methyl-1-butanol
    (bp 128 ° C)

  • Isoamyla alcohol
    (bp. 131 ° C)

So z. B. Amyl alcohol also arise when spoiled raw materials such. B. old sugar cane is used to make rum. Fusel oil plays a decisive role in the tolerance of alcoholic beverages . For this reason, the fusel oil content of spirits should not exceed 0.1%.

Techniques such as rectification or filtering through activated charcoal can reduce the content of fusel oil in spirits. The non-volatile components of fusel oil accumulate during the distillation at the bottom of the distillation column and can be drawn off as lutter . Highly concentrated and purified spirits such as aquavit , grain or vodka contain significantly less fusel oil than other alcoholic beverages in relation to the alcohol. In some spirits - such as brandy or whiskey - a residual content of fusel oil is desirable as a component of the aroma of the alcoholic beverages.

Fusel oil is suspected to be partly responsible for the "hangover" in alcohol intoxication , since a classic study by Pawan, in which alcoholic beverages with a high fusel oil content caused more hangover symptoms than others. However, little research has been done into the connection. In an animal experiment on six mice, individual fusel oil components even alleviated the effect of ethanol (they also reduced the animals' aversion to the high-percentage alcohol in terms of taste).

beer

The proportion of fusel in beer fluctuates due to the different manufacturing processes. In a study on 60 different beers, wheat beer had higher concentrations than Pilsener or export beer . Top -fermented beer also contained more fusel oils than bottom -fermented beer . Alcohol-free beer contained very few traces.

Web links

Wiktionary: Fuselöl  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
  • Beilstein ( System No. 24) Volume 1, H393
  • The truth lies in the booze. In: Spiegel Online . August 19, 2003(Interview with the graduate of the Münster / Steinfurt University of Applied Sciences - details of the diploma thesis on the fusel content of various types of beer).;

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Entry on fusel oils. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on May 30, 2012. ,
  2. ↑ Claus Franzke: Chemical and physical properties of alcohols . In: Manfred V. Singer, Stephan Teyssen (Hrsg.): Alcohol and alcohol-related diseases . Springer, Berlin Heidelberg 1999, ISBN 978-3-662-05657-8 , pp. 53–58 , here p. 57 ( full text in the Google book search - main components).
  3. ↑ Cf. Claus Franzke: Chemical and physical properties of alcohols . In: Manfred V. Singer, Stephan Teyssen (Hrsg.): Alcohol and alcohol-related diseases . Springer, Berlin Heidelberg 1999, ISBN 978-3-662-05657-8 , pp. 53–58 , here p. 56 ( full text in the Google book search - term).
  4. ↑ Hangover in the test. In: SZ.de . May 17, 2010, accessed on December 24, 2018 (Fusel oils in beer flavor carriers).
  5. ↑ 360 ° - Geo Reportage: Rum in Guadeloupe. Arte July 3, 2014 12:55 pm
  6. ↑ Claus Franzke: Chemical and physical properties of alcohols . In: Manfred V. Singer, Stephan Teyssen (Hrsg.): Alcohol and alcohol-related diseases . Springer, Berlin Heidelberg 1999, ISBN 978-3-662-05657-8 , pp. 53–58 , here p. 57 ( full text in the Google book search - fusel oil content).
  7. ↑ z. BDA Bender: Benders' Dictionary of Nutrition and Food Technology . Elsevier Science, 2006, ISBN 1-84569-165-2 , pp. 205 ( google.com ).
  8. ↑ a b Wheat beers cause bigger hangovers than Pilsener or Export. In her diploma thesis, the graduate examines the content of fusel alcohol in 60 types of beer. Science Information Service , May 27, 2003, accessed December 24, 2018 .
  9. ↑ a b Alcohol even more harmful than previously thought . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . May 3, 2003, ISSN  0174-4917 (short article about two very different aspects of alcohol consumption).
  10. ^ GL Pawan: Alcoholic drinks and hangover effects. In: Proc Nutr Soc. 32, 1973, p. 15A.
  11. ^ H. Hori, W. Fujii, Y. Hatanaka, Y. Suwa: Effects of fusel oil on animal hangover models. In: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 27 (8 Suppl), Aug 27, 2003, pp. 37S-41S. doi: 10.1097 / 01.ALC.0000078828.49740.48 . PMID 12960505 .
  12. ↑ Fusel content of individual products in hangover mood in the test. In: SZ.de. May 17, 2010, accessed December 24, 2018 .