Gorresburg
Coordinates: 50 ° 28 '56.2 " N , 6 ° 37' 5.7" E The Görresburg is a Gallo-Roman temple district on a hill on the edge of the Urft valley near Nettersheim in the Eifel with a sanctuary of the Matronae Aufaniae . Its origins do not go back to pre-Roman times, but a cult place enclosed with a wooden fence with an earth altar in its center only existed since the second half of the 1st century. The main temple, partially reconstructed today, which was not a Gallo-Roman temple , was built in the middle of the 2nd century. The sanctuary was probably used until the beginning of the 5th century. An enclosure wall encloses the sanctuary, which consists of three separate smaller buildings (cellae). Remains of buildings were also found outside this wall.
The temple complex is located in the immediate vicinity of a Roman vicus from the same period and, together with numerous other settlement and road lanes on the Nettersheim-Marmagen plateau, forms the Roman settlement area Marcomagus , which is already listed in the Antonini Itinerary . The factually misleading name "Görresburg" goes back to the old field name of the site in the Nettersheim district , which dates back to the time before the Roman temple was discovered.
The matron's shrine is one of the most important finds in the Roman province of Germania Inferior and is of great importance for research into the history of settlements and religions in the Rhineland (cf. Spickermann 2008). It was discovered in 1909 and excavated by the Provinzialmuseum Bonn under the direction of Hans Lehner and Joseph Hagen . In addition to numerous small finds, matron monuments and consecration stones were discovered in large numbers, which suggest that the consecration site was used intensively. In total, more than 40 inscription stones or fragments were secured. The stone monuments are kept in the Rheinisches Landesmuseum in Bonn .
The findings were secured and partially reconstructed in 1976 and 1977, so that the outlines of the buildings are clear today. In addition, replicas of three consecration stones were placed on the temple wall. The sanctuary has been open to tourism since 1977 and is now part of the Archaeological Landscape Park, which was opened on May 18, 2014 and includes the entire vicus up to the “Steinrütsch” in the Urftaue .
- Gallo-Roman temple district Görresburg near Nettersheim
Görresburg, aerial photo (2016)
Bricked-up floor plan
Consecration stones of the Matronae Aufaniae
Detail of a consecration stone for the matronae
literature
- Hans Lehner : The sanctuary of the Matronae Aufaniae at Nettersheim. In: Bonner Jahrbücher 119, 1910, pp. 301–321.
- Provincial Museum Bonn (ed.): Xanten, Mayen, Nettersheim. Bonn 1910.
- Hans Lehner: The ancient stone monuments of the Provincial Museum in Bonn. Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1918, No. 277-312, pp. 130-142.
- Heinz Günter Horn : The matron shrine near Nettersheim . In: Northeastern Eifel foreland - Euskirchen, Zülpich, Bad Münstereifel, Blankenheim. Part II: Excursions (= Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz et al. [Hrsg.]: Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments . Volume 26 ). Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein 1974, p. 88 ff .
- Heinz Günter Horn: Nettersheim: Roman temple district. In: Heinz Günter Horn (Ed.): The Romans in North Rhine-Westphalia . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-8062-0312-1 , p. 571 ff.
- Wolfgang Spickermann: Germania Inferior. Religious history of Roman Germania II. Tübingen 2008. ISBN 978-3-16-149381-2 .
- Frank Biller: Cultic centers and matron worship in the southern Germania inferior. Osnabrück Research on Antiquity and Antke Reception Vol. 13. Verlag Marie Leidorf, Rahden / Westfalen 2010, ISBN 978-3-89646-734-8 , pp. 29–53.
- Salvatore Ortisi : The vicus near Nettersheim (Kr. Euskirchen) and the Roman settlement of the upper Urft valley . In: Martin Grünewald / Stephan Wenzel (ed.): Roman land use in the Eifel . New excavations and research. Conference in Mayen, November 3rd to 6th, 2011. RGZM conferences. tape 16 . Publishing house of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum, Mainz 2012, p. 279-288 .
