War-type freight wagons
During the Second World War , the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) developed and built four types of freight wagons for the transport of war equipment; these four types of wagons are known as war- type wagons . These freight cars were produced from 1942 to 1945 in parallel to the welded type freight cars . The Deutsche Reichsbahn described the design of these four types of wagons as goods wagons in "war version". In contrast to the war-type wagons, series production of the welded freight wagons began as early as 1933, but their further development was restricted by the effects of the war. Since there were overlaps in freight wagon construction when changing from one type to the other, it is not possible to precisely limit the time.
The standard design freight cars
The war-type freight cars were developed from a military point of view and were largely intended for the transport of war equipment. Their main task was to transport people and war material to their locations as quickly as possible, and the loading should be quick and easy. The requirements for the development of these freight wagons were, among other things, that they had to be steel-efficient, quick and inexpensive to produce. These welded freight wagons were lighter than comparable freight wagons, but at the same time designed for a higher payload. With the exception of the open freight wagons of the “Ommu Klagenfurt” type, all freight wagons were so-called “high-speed wagons” and therefore approved for a speed of 90 km / h. Due to these requirements, constructive solutions were found that brought high potential for rationalization in freight wagon construction. The material savings, which accelerated production and reduced steel consumption, were partially achieved by leaving out as many steel parts as possible or replacing them with other types of steel or wood. A disadvantage of this design was that the poor quality steel used deformed faster due to the heavy weight load and also began to rust more quickly .
Covered freight car
Generic symbol Gmhs, generic district Bremen
These boxcars were developed according to the requirements of the war for a loading weight of 20 tons. The wagons had an axle base of 7,000 mm, a total load volume of 60.7 m³, a dead weight of 9.3 tonnes and a length over buffers of 10,000 mm without a handbrake. The underframe was made from rolled sections and had no truss . They had 6-ply and 1,200 mm long suspension springs and the side walls were provided with diagonal struts over two side panels next to the doors. Like most of the boxcars built from 1927 onwards, they had a barrel roof and a loading and ventilation flap with ventilation grilles was built into the side wall ends. They were approved for a maximum speed of 90 km / h, had a steam heating line and had a Hildebrandt-Knorr air brake (Hik brake). (DB: Gmhs 35; DR: Gmhs 11)
Covered, spacious freight car
Generic symbol Glmhs, generic district Leipzig
The spacious freight wagons of the Leipzig class district , newly established in 1943 , had an axle base of 8,000 mm, no trussing and a length over buffers (LüP) of 12,700 mm with a handbrake. These barrel-roof freight wagons had a 1990 mm wide sliding door on both sides, a total loading volume of 74.8 m³, an empty weight of 10.1 tons, a load weight of 20 tons and a load capacity of 21 tons. They were equipped with a Hik-GP brake, had six-layer leaf suspension springs 1200 mm in length and a steam heating line. Their maximum speed was 100 km / h and they were only built with a handbrake during the times of the Reichsbahn. From 1943 onwards, the MCi-43 type auxiliary passenger cars were built on the basis of these freight cars . (DB: Glmhs 36; DR: Gmhs 11)
Open freight car
Generic symbol Ommu, generic district Klagenfurt
The so-called open high-sided gondolas had a loading weight of 26.5 tons, but, unlike most other open wagons, no trusses. The side wall height was 1548 mm and the end walls of these wagons could be folded down. They were approved for a top speed of 65 km / h, the wheelbase was 6,000 mm, the length over buffers 10,100 mm with handbrake and it had a Hik brake. These freight wagons were a completely new design with a dead weight of 8.4 tons without a handbrake. (DB: Omm 34; DR: Ommu 44)
Stake car
Generic symbol Rmms, generic district Ulm
These newly designed wagons were equipped with 22 stakes, had a load weight of 24.5 tons, an axle base of 8,000 mm, a truss mechanism and a dead weight of only 9.5 tons without a handbrake. The length over the buffers was 12,000 mm without a handbrake and they were also equipped with a hik brake. Its side and end walls could be folded down so that it was possible to drive over them, while the folded end walls could also be used to drive over from one stake car to the other. (DB: Rmms 33; DR: Rmms 62)
| Design-related weight changes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generic symbol | Genus district | First year of construction | Change in weight compared to the comparison car. Only for cars without handbrake |
Dead weight of the comparison car |
Comparison car |
| Gmhs | Bremen | 1943 | approx. –19% | 11.5 t | "Gs Opole" |
| Glmhs | Leipzig | 1943 | approx. -27% | 13.9 t | "Glrhs Dresden" |
| Ommu | Klagenfurt | 1942 | approx. -18% | 10.3 t | "Ommu Villach" |
| Rmms | Ulm | 1942 | approx. -22% | 12.3 t | "Rs Stuttgart" |
Types overview
See: Overview of freight wagons up to 1945
Name and painting
Almost all freight wagons of the Deutsche Reichsbahn were only provided with the lettering "DR" from around 1942, they were also provided with the name of the "Gattungsbezirks" , with a "Wagennummer" and a "Gattungszeichen" . From 1940 the colors for the paintwork of the freight wagons were changed again, for example from December 1941 the iron roofs of the freight wagons were painted in black-brown color (no RAL color) and from 1943 in black-gray color (RAL-7021).
Additional generic districts
As early as 1921, the Deutsche Reichsbahn grouped all freight wagons with the same or similar uses in so-called class districts, these were given names of German cities, mostly cities with a Reichsbahn directorate . The following generic districts were added from 1942:
| Additional class districts of the Deutsche Reichsbahn from 1942 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generic districts | Generic symbol | Wagon type | design type | Period |
| Bremen | Gmhs | covered wagons | War design | from 1943 |
| Graz | Ommuf | open wagons for vehicle transport | War design - experimental car | from 1943 |
| Heilbronn | RRs; SSos | four-axle stake and rail cars | War design - experimental car | from 1943 |
| Klagenfurt | Ommu | open car | War design | from 1942 |
| Leipzig | Glmhs | covered, spacious freight cars | War design | from 1943 |
| Marburg | Gu, O | covered u. open car | Yugoslav design | from 1943 |
| Riga | GG, OO | four-axle car | Latvian design | from 1943 |
| Ulm | Rmms | Stake car | War design | from 1942 |
See also:
- Generic districts from 1921
- Additional generic districts from 1926
- Additional generic districts from 1935
Bogies
From 1943 the first welded pressed sheet metal bogies were simplified and manufactured as so-called war bogies in a number of over 35,000 pieces; these were used, among other things, for flat wagons , tank wagons and tub tenders .
See also
- Normalie (railway) - German freight cars before 1910
- Association design freight cars - German freight cars from 1910
- Interchangeable freight cars - German freight cars from 1927
- Acid Trolley
Bibliography and sources
- Eugen Kreidler: The railways in the Second World War - studies and documents on the history of the Second World War , Nikol Verlagsgesellschaft mbh & Co KG, Hamburg 2001. ISBN 3-933203-52-X .
- Helmut Behrends, Wolfgang Hensel, Gerhard Wiedau: Güterwagen-Archiv Volume 1 , Transpress VEB Verlag for Transport, Berlin 1989
- Helmut Behrends, Wolfgang Hensel, Gerhard Wiedau: Güterwagen-Archiv Volume 2 , Transpress VEB Publishing House for Transport, Berlin 1989.
- Janusz Piekalkiewicz: The Deutsche Reichsbahn in World War II , Transpress Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Berlin 1993
- Roger lattice man: Kriegsbauarten , railway magazine issue No. 8, Alba-Fachverlag, Düsseldorf 1992
- Walter Hollnagel: Railway rarities - From the twenties to 1945 , EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2008
- Wolfgang Diener: Painting and designation of freight wagons , Verlag Dr. Bernhard Abend, Stuttgart 1992.
- WHO: The Reichsbahn freight cars , Reichsbahn advertising office for passenger and freight traffic, Berlin 1939
- Deutsche Reichsbahn, Reichsbahn-Zentralamt Berlin, Department 28: The regular design freight cars , Berlin 1945
- Stefan Carstens, Rudolf Ossig: Güterwagen Volume 1, Covered Wagons , MIBA-Verlag, Nuremberg 2000.
- Stefan Carstens, Hans Ulrich Diener: Freight Cars Volume 2, Covered Cars - Special Design , MIBA-Verlag, Nuremberg 2000.
- Stefan Carstens, Hans Ulrich Diener: Freight Cars Volume 3, Open Cars , MIBA-Verlag, Nuremberg 2003.
- Stefan Carstens: Freight wagons Volume 4, open wagons in a special design , MIBA-Verlag, Nuremberg 2003.
- Stefan Carstens: Freight wagons Volume 5, stake, rail and flat wagons , MIBA-Verlag, Nuremberg 2008