Normal (railway)
As standard parts were in the German railway engineering standards for uniform design and production of rail vehicles, equipment and operating facilities referred.
Emergence
At the end of the 19th century, the standard components for the Prussian State Railways were developed under the direction of the railway director, Moritz Stambke, who was responsible for railway machine technology. These standard components are construction drawings on a scale of 1:40 on individual sheets and show, among other things, locomotives , tenders , freight wagons , passenger cars , railway switches or equipment for railway stations such as station clocks , ovens and furniture .
The first standard components for the operating equipment of the Prussian State Railways are dated to the year 1878, and they were followed in 1882 by the standard components for operating equipment for railways of minor importance for the Prussian State Railways . The drawings were continuously revised in line with technical developments and renamed as sample drawings in 1896 .
The Prussian standard components served as role models: they were partly adopted by other German state railways and served the German State Railroad Association as a template for the development of most of the association-type freight cars . The last Prussian pattern drawings were published in 1923, and from 1925 the standard parts were replaced by the German Industry Standard of the Standards Committee of German Industry (today the German Institute for Standardization ). These DIN standards were supplemented by the General Wagon Standardization Committee (Awana).
Succession
In Germany, as of 2008, the “Standards Committee NA 087, Track and Rail Vehicles” (FSF) is active within DIN for the creation of standards for public railways . Standards for the railway sector are increasingly being drawn up as European standards or DIN standards based on or adopted from them .
Standard parts for locomotives
Further information can be found in the article List of Prussian Locomotives and Railcars .
- Tank locomotive according to sample sheet 12 (III-4e) - class T 3 (3/3)
- Tank locomotive according to sample sheet III4c - class T 7 (3/3 GTL)
- Tank locomotive according to sample sheet III-4f - class T 9.1
- Tank locomotive according to sample sheet XIV-4b - T 10
- Freight locomotives according to sample sheet III-3 - class G 3
- Express locomotives according to sample sheet XIV-2a - class S 6
- Tender according to sample sheet III-5e - class 4 T 18
- Tender according to sample sheet III-5h - class 4 T 21.5
- Tender according to sample sheet III-5m - class 4 T 31.5
Standard parts for passenger cars
- Baggage car according to sample sheet II a 3 (DRG class: Pwg Pr 92c)
- Makeshift car according to sample sheet I 20 (MKB 12)
- Compartment car according to sample sheet 3091B (DRG class: B4 Pr95)
- Passage car according to sample sheet DI 2 (DRG class: AB4ü Pr 02)
Standard parts for freight wagons
The standard parts and sample drawings were of particular importance for freight wagon construction, because these were the basis for future freight wagon designs in Germany. The boxcar according to the Prussian pattern sheet II d 8 was even listed in 1973 in the freight wagon manual of the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) .
Covered freight wagon according to sample sheet II b 1
Covered freight wagon according to sample sheet II b 3
Covered freight wagon according to sample sheet II d 8
Turntable wagons according to sample sheet II c 11
The main freight car types in the following table according to genres listed. II b designate freight wagons according to older models, II c freight wagons with a loading weight of less than 15 t and II d designating freight wagons with at least 15 t loading weight.
| Type of freight wagon | Sample sheet | Loading weight | Länderbahn type | DRG generic sign and generic district |
DB generic symbol and type number |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| until 1909/14 | from 1909/14 | |||||
| Covered freight cars | 8th | 10 t | Eq | G | Gw Magdeburg | - |
| II b 1 | 10 or 12.5 t | Eq | G | Gw Magdeburg | GW 01 | |
| II b 3 | 15 t | Gml | Gm | G Hanover / Stettin | - | |
| II d 8 | 15 t 10 t |
Gml Gnl |
Gm N |
G Hanover / Stettin Gwh Magdeburg |
G 02 - |
|
|
Covered freight car with end platforms Optional wagons |
II b 1 a | 10 t | Gnl | Ni | Giwh Magdeburg | - |
|
Three - axle boxcars |
II c 13 | 10, later 15 t | G (n) l | N | Gh Hanover | Gh 03 |
| II c 13 II | 6, later 15 t | G (n) wl | Nwl for Sz | Glpwhs Dresden | G (w) h (s) 05 | |
|
Spacious box wagons (hollow glass wagons ) |
Ce5 | 15 t | Gml | Gml | Gl Dresden | Gl 06 |
|
Hinged lid wagon (lime wagon) |
II c 8 | 10 or 12.5 t | Kr | K | Kw Elberfeld | Kw 05 |
| II d 4 | 15 t | Km | Km | K Elberfeld | K 06 | |
|
Crate wagon for small livestock |
II c 1 | 10 t | Vel | Ven | Vpwh Altona | Vwh 04 |
| II c 1 a | 10 t | Ve (n) lz | Venz | Vwh Altona | Vwh 04 | |
| II c 1 b | 10 t | Ve | Ven | Vpwh Altona | Vwh 03 | |
| II d 10 | 15 t | Ve (n) mlz | Venmz | Vh Altona | Vh 04 | |
|
Covered cattle wagon for large cattle |
II c 2 | 10 t | V (n) l | Vn | Gvwh Magdeburg | - |
|
Open cattle wagon for large cattle |
II c 3 | 10 t | VO (n) l | VO | Ovw Karlsruhe | - |
|
Open freight car walls 85 to 100 cm high, lockable, front wall flaps |
10 | 10 t | Olk [u] | Ok [u] | Ow Karlsruhe, Xow Erfurt | - |
| II b 2 | 10 or 12.5 t | Olk | OK | Ow Karlsruhe | - | |
| II d 3 | 15 t | Omk | Omk | O Frankfurt / Würzburg | O 01 | |
|
Open coal wagons walls 108 to 130 cm high, front wall flaps |
II c 4 | 10 or 12.5 t | Orc | OK | Ow Karlsruhe | - |
| II c 5 | 10 or 12.5 t | Orc [u] | Ok [u] | Ow Karlsruhe | - | |
| II d 1 | 15 t | Omk [u] | Omk [u] | O Schwerin | O 02 | |
|
Open coal wagon walls 150 to 180 cm high, front wall flaps |
Cc7 | 20 t | Omk [u] | O mm k [u] | Om Ludwigshafen | Om 04 |
| Ce93, Ce95 | 20 t | Omk [u] | O mm k [u] | Om Ludwigshafen | Om 04 | |
| Ce146 | 20 t | - | O mm k [u] | Om Ludwigshafen | Om 04 | |
|
Open coke car walls 140 to 155 cm high, front wall flaps |
II c 7 | 10 or 12.5 t | Oclk [u] | Ock [u] | Ocw Munster | - |
| II d 2 | 15 t | Ocmlk [u] | Ocmk [u] | Oc Munster | Oc 01 | |
| II d 2 III | 20 t | Omlk [u] | O mm k [u] | Om Ludwigshafen | Om 04 | |
| Open hopper cars | II c 6 | 10 t | Otr [u] | Ot [u] | Otw Mainz | - |
| II c 12 | 12.5 t | Otr [u] | - | |||
| Ce117 | 16.0 t | Otm [u] | OT 03 | |||
| Ce151 | 20.0 t | Otm [u] | OT 03 | |||
| Ce169 | 19.0 t | Otm [u] | OT 03 | |||
|
Four-axle open coal wagon |
II d 7 (old) | 30 t | OOmk | OOmk | OO Oldenburg | - |
| Stake car | II c 10 | 10 or 12.5 t | Sl | R. | RW Stuttgart | Rw 01 |
| II d 5 | 15 t | Sml | Rm | R Stuttgart | R 02 | |
|
Rail car 13 m loading length |
Ce143 | 15 t | Sml | Sml | S Augsburg | S 05 |
|
Four-axle rail cars 12 to 18 m loading length |
II c 9 | 20, later 25 t | SS | SS | SSkw Cologne | - |
| II d 6 | 30, later 35 t | SSm | SSm | SSk Cologne | SSk 07 | |
| II d 6 a | 30, later 35 t | SSml | SSml | SSk Cologne | SSk 07 | |
| II d 7 | 30, later 35 t | SSml | SSml | SSk Cologne | SSk 08 | |
| II d 7 II | 35 t | - | SSml | SS Cologne | SS 08 | |
| Ce168 | 38 t | - | SSml | SSl Cologne | SSlm | |
|
Turntable wagon (long timber wagon) |
II c 11 | 10 t | HHrsz | Hsz | Hosw Regensburg | - |
| II d 9 | 15 t | HHmrsz | Hmsz | Hos Regensburg | - | |
| Ce115 | 15 t | HHmsz | Hmsz | Hos Regensburg | H 02 | |
| Ce119 | 15 t | - | Hmsz | Hos Regensburg | H 02 | |
Bogies
The Diamond bogie , as the first universal freight car bogie , was built in series in Europe from around the mid-eighties of the 19th century. The first bogies according to sample sheet VI d 7 II were built around 1890 and were used in the four-axle rail cars according to sample sheet II d 6 a .
See also
- German Institute for Standardization - DIN
- Standard parts - other definitions of terms
- Generic sign of German railway wagons - generic sign until 1964
- German Reichsbahn
- Union type freight wagons
- Overview of freight car types up to 1945
Individual evidence
- ^ Wolfgang Theurich: 160 years of wagon building in Görlitz . EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2009, ISBN 3-88255-564-5
Bibliography and sources
- Standard parts for equipment of the Prussian State Railways . Berlin 1878
- Wilhelm Konrad Hellwag : Railway construction standard parts for the kk privileged Österr. Northwest Railway . 8 vols. Vienna 1875 and 1876.
- Author collective: Güterwagen Handbuch . Transpress VEB publishing house for transport, Berlin 1974.
- H. Behrends; W.Hensel; G.Wiedau: Freight Car Archive 1 . Transpress VEB publishing house for transport, Berlin 1989.
- S.Carstens; R.Ossig: Freight Cars - Volume 1 Covered Cars . MIBA-Verlag, Nuremberg 1989.
- S.Carstens; HADiener: Freight Cars - Volume 2 Covered Cars - Special Designs . MIBA-Verlag, Nuremberg 1989.
- S.Carstens; HADiener: Freight Cars Volume 3 Open Cars . Self-published, Hasloh 1996
- S.Carstens: Freight wagons - Volume 4 Special design open wagons . MIBA-Verlag, Nuremberg 2003.
- S.Carstens: Freight Cars - Volume 5 stake, rail and flat cars . MIBA-Verlag, Nuremberg 2008.
- Deutsche Bundesbahn Central Railway Office Minden (Westf): New addresses on the DB freight, service and service cars . DB, order of the HVB - 22,223 Fkwg 196 - from April 10, 1952.
- Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft, Reichsbahn-Zentralamt: Merkbuch for the vehicles of the Reichsbahn . Berlin 1928.
- Royal Central Railway Office: Memo book for the vehicles of the Prussian-Hessian State Railway Administration . Edition 1915, Berlin 1915.
- H.Troche: The Prussian normal freight locomotives of classes G 3 and G 4 . Chapter 17, The Standard Parts Freight Cars. EK-Verlag, Freiburg 1992.