Gaoche
The Gaoche (高 車, Kao-che ) were a people in Asia . Their origin was probably the Dingling people . Their settlement area was in what is now Inner Mongolia and northern Han China. The presumably Turkish people are only known under the Chinese name Kao-che , not under their own name.
history
In the third century AD, the Dingling people formed part of the South Hsiung-Nu. After Weilüe , a report from the years 239 bis 265 , fled a group of Ding Ling in the western steppes of Kazakhstan . During the time of the Sixteen Kingdoms , they established a state of Wei, which, however, is not identical to that of the Northern Wei Dynasty . It was at this time that they were first referred to as gaoche. Part of Gaoche should also under the name Bayeqi (拔也稽) on the river Orkhon have settled until it was conquered by the Rouran in the early 5th century. Some of the Gaoche are believed to have held high positions in the Rouran State.
The southern Gaoche, together with the remains of the Tabgatsch , invaded the border regions of the Rouran again and again. After a campaign by the Rouran against the Tabgatsch in 429, 1.5 million Gaoche prisoners were resettled in the southern capital Pingcheng . In the 6th century, six tribes and twelve clans of the Gaoche are said to have belonged to the Rouran .
In 524 there was an uprising against the Rouran, which lasted until 526. As a result, many Gaoche moved south and became part of the local population. With this loss of population, the power of the Rouran declined over time.
The Gaoche people were followed in the region by the Fufuluo (副 伏 罗), later the Chile (敕 勒) or Tiele (铁勒).
origin
According to Chinese sources, the Gaoche (Kao-chü, Chinese "high chariot") were considered to be ethnically closest to the T'ieh-le . Originally known as Kao-chü Ting-ling (Chinese: "High Chariot Ting-ling"), the Kao-chü were apparently the last surviving branch of the Chidi . According to the story of the Gaoche from the Chinese chronicle Wei Shou (6th century), the origin of the Ting-ling / Dingling (丁零) and T'ieh-le (丁零) can be traced back to the Chidi (赤 狄) or Rote Di (赤狄) who settled in northern China during the spring and autumn periods. Their language resembles the Hunnu / Hunyu (浑 庾) with little difference .
Ruler list
- 487–503 Āfúzhìluó (阿 伏 至 羅)
- 503–505 Bálìyán (跋 利 延)
- 505–516 Mí'étú (彌 俄 突)
- 516–524 Yīfú (伊 匐)
- 524–536 Yuèjū (越 居)
- 536–540 Bǐzào (比 造)
- 540–541 Qùbīn (去 賓)
Remarks
- ↑ Wolfgang-Ekkehard Scharlipp : The early Turks in Central Asia an introduction to their history and culture. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1992, ISBN 3-534-11689-5 , p. 11.
- ↑ Ahmad Hasan Dani, BA Litvinsky: "History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, AD 250 to 750". Section The T'ieh-le and Kao-chü - UNESCO. 1996. Page 323. PDF ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Duan, Lianqin (1988). Dingling, Gaoju and Tiele. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Press, pages 1-6.
- ↑ "丁零 - 铁勒 的 西迁 及其 所 建 西域 政权" - Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences (XJASS). 2015.
- ↑ N.Ya.Bichurin: "Collection of Information on Peoples in Central Asia in Ancient Times." Printing house of military schools Saint Petersburg, 1851. Part 1 Section 5: Hoihu. Page 248. History / Bichurin / BichurinVol1.pdf PDF ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in Russian, p. 304
