Garra
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| Hamilton , 1822 |
Garra is a genus of carp fish that lives mainly in flowing mountain waters. Of the more than 120 species, 17 live in eastern Central and West Africa, the rest in subtropical and tropical South and Southeast Asia (southeast Turkey, India to Malaysia and southern China).
features
Garra species have an elongated, cylindrical or slightly flattened body and are 6 to 30 cm long. A characteristic feature is their lower lip, which is transformed into a suction disk with horny edges and with which it is possible for the fish to suck on stones and rocks in flowing water. One or two pairs of barbels may be present or (rarely) absent. The scales of the fish are medium in size, their side line is complete and always runs along the center of the flank. The dorsal fin begins just before the pelvic fin attachment and does not have a completely ossified fin ray . Only the longest of the anterior dorsal fin rays can be partially ossified. In total, the dorsal fin is supported by ten to eleven fin rays. The front of the pectoral fins have two or more undivided fin rays. The cleithrum (part of the shoulder girdle) is narrow and long, the mesethmoid, a skull bone, is wider than it is long when viewed from above.
species
There are over 120 types:
Somali cave fish ( Garra andruzzii )
- Garra aethiopica (Pellegrin, 1927)
- Garra allostoma Roberts, 1990
- Somali cave fish ( Garra andruzzii ) Vinciguerra, 1924
- Garra annandalei Hora, 1921
- Garra apogon (Norman, 1925)
- Garra arunachalensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013
- Garra arupi Nebeshwar, Vishwanath & Das, 2009
- Garra barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956
- Garra bibarbatus (Nguyen, 2001)
- Garra bicornuta Narayan Rao, 1920
- Garra bimaculacauda Thoni et al., 2016
- Garra birostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013
- Garra bispinosa Zhang, 2005
- Garra blanfordii (Boulenger, 1901)
- Garra borneensis (Vaillant, 1902)
- Garra bourreti (Pellegrin, 1928)
- Garra buettikeri Krupp, 1983
- Garra cambodgiensis (Tirant, 1883)
- Garra caudofasciata (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
- Garra ceylonensis Bleeker, 1863
- Garra chakpiensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015
- Garra chindwinensis Premananda et al., 2018
- Garra clavirostris Roni et al., 2017
- Garra compressus Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998
- Garra congoensis Poll, 1959
- Garra cornigera Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015
- Garra cryptonemus (Cui & Li, 1984)
- Garra cyclostomata May, 1978
- Garra cyrano Kottelat, 2000
- Garra dembecha Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra dembeensis (Rüppell, 1835)
- Garra dengba Deng et al., 2018
- Garra dunsirei Banister, 1987
- Garra duobarbis Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra elongata Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000
- Garra ethelwynnae Menon, 1958
- Garra fasciacauda Fowler, 1937
- Garra fisheri (Fowler, 1937)
- Garra flavatra Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra fuliginosa Fowler, 1934
- Garra geba Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra ghorensis Krupp, 1982
- Garra gotyla Shrestha, 1978
- Garra gracilis (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
- Garra gravelyi (Annandale, 1919)
- Garra hainanensis Chen & Zheng, 1983
- Garra hughi Silas, 1955
- Garra ignestii (Gianferrari, 1925)
- Garra imbarbatus (Nguyen, 2001)
- Garra imberba Garman, 1912
- Garra imberbis (Vinciguerra, 1890)
- Garra incisorbis Zheng, Yang & Chen, 2016
- Garra jordanica Hamidan et al., 2014
- Garra khawbungi Arunachalam et al., 2014
- Garra kalakadensis Rema Devi, 1993
- Garra Kempi Hora, 1921
- Garra laichowensis Nguyen & Doan, 1969
- Garra lamta (Hamilton, 1822)
- Garra lancrenonensis Blache & Miton, 1960
- Garra lissorhynchus (McClelland, 1842)
- Garra litanensis Vishwanath, 1993
- Garra longchuanensis Yu et al., 2016
- Garra longipinnis Banister & Clarke, 1977
- Garra lorestanensis Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi, 2016
- Garra makiensis (Boulenger, 1904)
- Garra mamshuqa Krupp, 1983
- Garra manipurensis Vishwanath & Sarjnalini, 1988
- Garra mcclellandi (Jerdon, 1849)
- Garra menoni, Rema Devi & Indra, 1984
- Garra micropulvinus Zhou, Pan & Kottelat, 2005
- Garra mirofrontis Chu & Cui, 1987
- Garra mondica Sayyadzadeh et al., 2015
- Garra mullya (Sykes, 1839)
- Garra naganensis Hora, 1921
- Garra nambulica Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005
- Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012
- Garra nasuta (McClelland, 1838)
- Garra nepalensis Rayamajhi & Arunachalam, 2017
- Garra nethravathiensis Arunachalam & Nandagopal, 2014
- Garra nigricollis Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra notata (Blyth, 1860)
- Garra nujiangensis Chen, Zhao & Yang, 2009
- Garra orientalis Nichols, 1925
- Garra ornata (Nichols & Griscom, 1917)
- Garra paralissorhynchus Vishwanath & Shanta Devi, 2005
- Garra parastenorhynchus Thoni et al., 2016
- Garra periyarensis Gopi, 2001
- Garra persica mountain, 1914
- Garra phillipsi Deraniyagala, 1933
- Garra poecilura Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra poilanei Petit & Tchang, 1933
- Garra propulvinus Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra qiaojiensis Wu & Yao, 1977
- Garra quadratirostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013
- Garra quadrimaculata (Rüppell, 1835)
- Garra rakhinica Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra regressus Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra robertsi Thoni & Mayden, 2015
- Garra robustus (Zhang, He & Chen, 2002)
- Garra rossica (Nikolskii, 1900)
- Garra rotundinasus Zhang, 2006
- Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843)
- Garra rupecula (McClelland, 1839)
- Garra sahilia Krupp, 1983
- Garra salweenica Hora & Mukerji, 1934
- Garra simbalbaraensis Rath et al., 2019
- Garra smarti Krupp & Budd, 2009
- Garra spilota Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra surendranathanii Shaji, Arun & Easa, 1996
- Garra tamangi Gurumayum & Kosygin, 2016
- Garra tana Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra tengchongensis Zhang & Chen, 2002
- Garra theunensis Kottelat, 1998
- Garra tibanica Trewavas, 1941
- Garra trewavasai Monod, 1950
- Garra trilobata Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015
- Garra tyao Arunachalam et al., 2014
- Garra ukhrulensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015
- Garra variabilis (Heckel, 1843)
- Garra vittatula Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra waensis Lothongkham, Arbsuwan & Musikasinthorn, 2014
- Garra wanae (Regan, 1914)
- Garra waterloti (Pellegrin, 1935)
- Garra yiliangensis Wu & Chen, 1977
literature
- Melanie Stiassny, Guy Teugels & Carl D. Hopkins: The Fresh and Brackish Water Fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa, Volume 1. ISBN 9789074752206 .
- Günther Sterba : The world's freshwater fish. 2nd Edition. Urania, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4 .
- Axel Zarske: Garra Hamilton, 1822. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , p. 398 f.
Web links
Commons : Garra - collection of images, videos and audio files
- Garra on Fishbase.org (English)