Gazelle-like
| Gazelle-like | ||||||||||||
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Deer goat antelope (Antilope cervicapra) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Antilopini | ||||||||||||
| Gray , 1821 |
The gazelle-like or gazelles in the broader sense (Antilopini) are a species-rich tribe of the horned bearers (Bovidae). Originally only members of the genus Gazella were considered as gazelles in the narrower sense, but this has now been split into three genera.
General
They are small to medium-sized antelopes that live in Africa and Asia and prefer more open, dry habitats. Common features of this group are the structure of the skull, teeth and horns. Almost all species have showy glands in front of the eyes . There is hardly any gender dimorphism in terms of size or coat color. In the larger species, both sexes often have horns and the social behavior is polygynous - a male gathers many females around him. In the smaller species, which used to be a separate subfamily under the name of Bockchen , mostly only the males have short horns, and these animals have a predominantly monogamous social behavior.
Systematics
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Internal systematics of the Antilopini according to Zurano et al. 2019
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The following genera and species are classified as gazelle-like (according to Groves and Grubb 2011):
- Tribe Antilopini Gray , 1821
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- Genus Raphicerus C. H. Smith , 1827
- Ibex ( Raphicerus campestris ( Thunberg , 1811))
- Natal Greisbock ( Raphicerus colonicus Thomas & Schwann , 1906)
- Cape Goshawk ( Raphicerus melanotis ( Thunberg , 1811))
- Sharpe's ram or northern ram ( Raphicerus sharpei Thomas , 1897)
- Genus springbok ( Antidorcas Sundevall , 1847)
- Angola springbok ( Antidorcas angolensis Blaine , 1922)
- Kalahari springbok ( Antidorcas hofmeyri Thomas , 1926)
- Springbok or Cape Springbok ( Antidorcas marsupialis ( Zimmermann , 1780))
- Genus Ammodorcas Thomas , 1891
- Dibatag or Dibetag ( Ammodorcas clarkei ( Thomas , 1891))
- Genus giraffe gazelle ( Litocranius Kohl , 1886)
- Northern giraffe gazelle ( Litocranius sclateri Neumann , 1899)
- Southern giraffe gazelle ( Litocranius walleri ( Brooke , 1878))
- Genus Saigas ( Saiga Gray , 1843)
- Mongolian Saiga ( Saiga mongolica Bannikov , 1946; also Saiga borealis )
- Saiga ( Saiga tatarica ( Linnaeus , 1766))
- Genus Antelope Pallas , 1766
- Deer goat antelope ( Antilope cervicapra ( Linnaeus , 1758))
- Genus Nanger Lataste , 1885
- Damagazelle ( Nanger dama ( Pallas , 1766))
- Southern Grant's Gazelle ( Nanger granti ( Brooke , 1872))
- Northern Grant's gazelle ( Nanger notatus ( Thomas , 1897))
- Eastern Grant's gazelle ( Nanger petersii ( Günther , 1884))
- Sömmerring gazelle ( Nanger soemmerringii ( Cretzschmar , 1826))
- Genus Gazella de Blainville , 1816
- Acacia Gazelle ( Gazella acaciae Mendelssohn, Groves & Shalmon , 1997)
- Indian gazelle or Dekkan chinkara ( Gazella bennettii ( Sykes , 1831))
- † Yemen gazelle ( Gazella bilkis Groves & Lay , 1985)
- Gujarat-Chinkara ( Gazella christii Blyth , 1842)
- Arabian desert gazelle ( Gazella cora ( CH Smith , 1827))
- Cuvier's gazelle ( Gazella cuvieri ( Ogilby , 1841))
- Farrur gazelle ( Gazella dareshurii Karami & Groves , 1993)
- Dorcas gazelle ( Gazella dorcas ( Linnaeus , 1758))
- Arabian coastal gazelle ( Gazella erlangeri Neumann , 1906)
- Baluchistan Chinkara ( Gazella fuscifrons Blanford , 1873)
- Real gazelle or Edmigazelle ( Gazella gazella ( Pallas , 1766))
- Turkmenistan goiter gazelle ( Gazella gracilicornis Stroganov , 1956)
- Bushir gazelle ( Gazella karamii Groves , 1993)
- Dune Gazelle ( Gazella leptoceros ( Cuvier , 1842))
- Sand gazelle ( Gazella marica Thomas , 1897)
- Muscat gazelle ( Gazella muscatensis Brooke , 1874)
- Pelzeln-Gazelle ( Gazella pelzelni Kohl , 1886)
- Punjab Chinkara or Rajasthan Gazelle ( Gazella salinarum Groves , 2003)
- † Saudi gazelle ( Gazella saudiya Carruthers & Schwarz , 1935)
- Iran chinkara or Shikari gazelle ( Gazella shikarii Groves , 1993)
- Spekegazelle ( Gazella spekei Blyth , 1873)
- Goiter gazelle ( Gazella subgutturosa ( Güldenstädt , 1780))
- Jarkand goiter gazelle ( Gazella yarkandensis Blanford , 1875)
- Genus Eudorcas Fitzinger , 1869
- Mongalla gazelle ( Eudorcas albonotata ( Rothschild , 1903))
- Western Thomson's gazelle ( Eudorcas nasalis ( Lönnberg , 1908))
- Red- fronted Gazelle ( Eudorcas rufifrons ( Gray , 1846))
- † Algerian gazelle ( Eudorcas rufina ( Thomas , 1894))
- Eastern Thomson's gazelle or Thomson's gazelle ( Eudorcas thomsonii ( Günther , 1884))
- Heuglin's gazelle ( Eudorcas tilonura ( Heuglin , 1869))
- Genus Dorcatragus Noack , 1894
- Beira ( Dorcatragus megalotis ( Menges , 1894))
- Genus Dikdiks ( Madoqua Ogilby , 1837)
- Cavendish-Dikdik ( Madoqua cavendishi Thomas , 1898)
- Damara-Dikdik ( Madoqua damarensis ( Günther , 1880))
- Günther-Dikdik ( Madoqua guentheri Thomas , 1894)
- Harar-Dikdik or Rotbauchdikdik ( Madoqua hararensis Neumann , 1904)
- Hinde-Dikdik ( Madoqua hindei Thomas , 1902)
- Kirk-Dikdik ( Madoqua kirkii ( Günther , 1880))
- Lawrance-Dikdik ( Madoqua lawrancei Deake-Brockmann , 1926)
- Red-bellied Dikdik ( Madoqua phillipsi Thomas , 1894)
- Silberdikdik ( Madoqua piacentinii Drake-Brockmann , 1911)
- Eritrea Dikdik ( Madoqua saltiana ( Desmarest , 1817))
- Smith-Dikdik ( Madoqua smithii Thomas , 1901)
- Kleindikdik ( Madoqua swaynei Thomas , 1894)
- Thomas-Dikdik ( Madoqua thomasi ( Neumann , 1905))
- Genus Oribis ( Ourebia Laurillard , 1842)
- Serengeti-Oribi ( Ourebia hastata ( Peters , 1852))
- Sudan Oribi ( Ourebia montana ( Cretzschmar , 1826))
- Southern oribi, or bleaching ram ( Ourebia ourebi ( Zimmermann , 1783))
- Senegal Oribi ( Ourebia quadriscopa ( CH Smith , 1827))
- Genus short-tailed gazelles ( Procapra Hodgson , 1846)
- Mongolian gazelle ( Procapra gutturosa ( Pallas , 1777))
- Tibetan Gazelle ( Procapra picticaudata Hodgson , 1846)
- Przewalski's gazelle ( Procapra przewalskii ( Büchner , 1891))
Some genera such as the Klipspringer ( Oreotragus ) or the goats ( Neotragus ) were previously assigned to the Antilopini and partly to the Neotragini due to their small size . That should not correspond to the parentage. The Klipspringer and the goats each represent old lateral lines that were created in the Miocene. The genera Ourebia and Raphicerus as well as the Dikdiks ( Madoqua ) and the Beira ( Pelea ) were partly within the goats, but they are more closely related to the larger gazelle-like . The membership of the structurally deviating Saigas to this group was confirmed by molecular genetic studies. Within the larger species, the short-tailed gazelles represent a separate branch.
literature
- Colin Groves and Peter Grubb: Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011, pp. 1–317 (SS 108–280)
- Colin P. Groves and David M. Leslie Jr .: Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants). In: Don E. Wilson and Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2011, ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4 , pp. 444-779
- Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 volumes. 3. Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Juan P. Zurano, Felipe M. Magalhães, Ana E. Asato, Gabriel Silva, Claudio J. Bidau, Daniel O. Mesquita and Gabriel C. Costa: Cetartiodactyla: Updating a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 133, 2019, pp. 256-262
- ^ Eva Verena Bärmann, Gertrud Elisabeth Rössner and Gert Wörheide: A revised phylogeny of Antilopini (Bovidae, Artiodactyla) using combined mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 67 (2), 2013, pp. 484-493
