Mountain group structure for the Austrian cave directory

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The mountain group classification for the cave directory valid in Austria, Hungary and the Bavarian Alps goes back to Hubert Trimmel , who described this system verbally and visually in 1962.

history

Walter von Czoernig-Czernhausen wrote a compilation of the Salzburg caves in 1926 , although it was based on administrative boundaries. The work created by Gustave Abel in 1934 already used the current system based on natural spatial boundaries. However, it was limited to the Salzburg area. In 1949 the "Austrian cave directory" was created. Rudolf Pirker and Hubert Trimmel published a list of caves in Lower Austria in 1954. Finally, Trimmel wrote a map valid for all of Austria (1: 500,000) and descriptions of the boundaries of the subgroups. The boundaries are constantly being subjected to minor changes.

construction

The cadastral number of a cave consists of 4 digits, which is the mountain unit in which the cave is located and after the slash comes another 1 to 3-digit number, the consecutive number of the cave in an area. The code number as a combination of numbers according to the principle of decimal classification has the advantage that the approximate location of a cave is easy to see. The first four digits mean:

  1. Digit: large unit
  2. Digit: main group
  3. Digit: subgroup
  4. Digit: subgroup

Example: 1864/10 means

Within a subgroup, the caves are numbered consecutively, well-known caves alphabetically, caves discovered later according to the order of their inclusion in the cave cadastre.

Only the major units and main groups are shown in the following list.

1000 Northern Limestone Alps

  • 1100 Vorarlberg and Allgäu Alps
  • 1200 North Tyrolean Alps
  • 1300 North Tyrolean Salzburg Limestone Alps
  • 1400 North Tyrolean and Salzburg slate Alps
  • 1500 Western Salzkammergut Alps
  • 1600 Eastern Salzkammergut Alps
  • 1700 Upper Styrian Limestone and Slate Alps
  • 1800 Lower Austrian Limestone Alps
  • 1900 Vienna Woods, Vienna Basin and Alpine Foreland east of the Traisen

2000 Central Alps

  • 2100 Engadine High Alps between the Rhine and Inn
  • 2200 Ötztal Alps
  • 2300 Stubai Alps
  • 2400 fails
  • 2500 Hohe Tauern
  • 2600 Lower Tauern
  • 2700 Noric Alps
  • 2800 Cetan Alps and the hill country of Eastern Styria and Burgenland
  • 2900 Leithagebirge and Hainburger Berge

3000 Southern Limestone Alps

  • 3700 Gailtal Alps
  • 3800 Carnic Alps
  • 3900 Karawanken and Steiner Alps

6000 Variscan mountains and outskirts

  • 6800 Bohemian Massif and Subcarpathian Mountains

Criteria for delimiting and dividing the mountain groups

The delimitation of the territorial units is carried out - as originally created for caving and thus for drainage-relevant criteria - according to hydrographic lines, to which the boundaries of geological units are subordinate. The hydrographic lines are consistently strictly orographic , so Talzüge respectively rivers and streams and passports , and are rarely made of water known reasons Gratzüge or other lines used especially in karst area with unclear Hydrographic, or simplistic reasons piecewise only streets.

In the foothills of the Alps and the foothills of the Alps and the Carpathians , the groups become very extensive stretches of land, as they hardly play a role for caving any more. There, in areas without orographic abnormalities, only rough clues are often given. Trimmel defined an outer border of the Alps only indirectly through the naming of the groups. The granite and gneiss highlands are also relatively roughly structured.

Administrative boundaries are irrelevant, with the exception of the German-Austrian border (Vorarlberg / Tyrol / Salzburg to Bavaria, as the system was originally also created for the Bavarian cadastre), Trimmel gave the national border (Czech Republic / Slovakia, Hungary , Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland / Liechtenstein) as a border - but all groups there can be continued casually according to the underlying scheme.

Overall, the system was planned to be applicable over a large area (for example the indicators 1–3 for the Eastern and Southern Alps and 6 for the Variscan mountains of Central Europe), but was only continued in a few other countries.

Overall, the structure differs from alpine systems in that the foothills of the Alps (usually of no particular importance in terms of mountaineering) are broken down as detailed as the high Alps.

Further use of this mountain group division

In addition to the caveology itself, the classification among geologists and montanists has been used a lot.

  • Artificial cavities (tunnels) are classified with this system (e.g. 1864 / K1) - the K stands for "artificial".
  • This classification is also used for the inclusion of sources in the context of the karst hazard maps (e.g. 1713 / Q1) - Q for “source”.

In addition, the system was then used as a basis for the implementation of the EU water management plans due to its good hydrological usability, and is now the standard structure in Austrian hydrography, especially for groundwater bodies.

literature

  • Helga Hartmann, Wilhelm Hartmann, Max Fink (eds.): The caves of Lower Austria . tape 1-5 (1979-2000) . Regional Association for Speleology for Vienna and Lower Austria, Vienna, DNB  551789565 .
  • Günter Stummer, Lukas Plan: Handbook for the Austrian cave directory including the Bavarian Alpine region . Ed .: Association of Austrian cave researchers and karst and cave science department of the Natural History Museum Vienna (=  Speldok 10 ). Vienna 2002 ( hoehle.org [PDF; accessed on April 20, 2012]).
  • Lower Austrian cave cadastre
  • Rudolf Pirker, Hubert Trimmel (ed.): Karst and caves in Lower Austria and Vienna . With a cave directory. Verlag Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1954, DNB  452322421 .