Iraq Intelligence Services

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Iraqi Intelligence Service were 1932-2003 civil and military intelligence services of Iraq . An Iraqi secret service has been in existence again since 2004.

Beginnings

The first beginnings of a secret police are the special unit for the fight against crime (CID) founded in 1917 with British help. In 1932, with the end of the British Mesopotamia Mandate , Iraq gained independence. The military part of the secret police, Leiter was a British, existed from the end of the First World War to the Palestinian War . In 1948 the service was reorganized, renamed the Directorate of Military Intelligence (DMI) and subordinated to the Iraqi Ministry of Defense. In 1957 the DMI was merged with the newly reactivated part of the CID to form a secret service unit, the Mudīriyyat al-Amn al-ʿĀmma (Directorate of General Security, DGS for short), now subordinate to the Interior Minister.

1969-1973

In addition to the general secret service DGS, the Baath Party, which had now come to power, founded the Maktab al-ʿAlāqāt al-ʿĀmma (Public Relation Bureau, PBS for short), the Baath Party's own security apparatus, which was directly directed to the deputy of the revolutionary command council , Saddam Hussein , under. In 1973 the PBS was reorganized and renamed Mudīriyyat al-Muchābarāt al-ʿĀmma (Directorate of General Military Intelligence, DMI for short). The DMI was now directly subordinate to the respective defense minister, who controlled the secret service, which comprised up to 4,000 agents and was most important for the military sector.

On June 30, 1973 the Shiite head of the DGS, General Nadhim Kazar (also Nazim Qasar) carried out an attempted coup against Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein . The conspiracy was exposed and Kazar and his supporters were killed. After this attempted coup, the DGS is reformed with the help of the KGB .

1983-2003

In 1983 Saddam Hussein restructured the secret service, which consisted of two main branches (military and civil). In order to prevent assassinations , he had his two closest confidantes, his son Uday Hussein and his son-in-law Hussein Kamel, as “watchdogs” of the President's Presidential Security Organization. The Office of National Security, which coordinated and monitored the other secret services, was subordinate to them. In 1984 the DGS became the Jihāz al-Muchābarāt al-ʿIrāqī (Iraqi Intelligence Service, IIS for short), responsible for business, politics and counter-espionage. The IIS will be Iraq's largest intelligence agency with up to 8,000 agents. Saddam Hussein always occupied the heads of the most important secret services (IIS, DMI) with relatives or members of his clan from Tikrit. Saddam Hussein also swapped leadership positions (military / civil, ONS / IIS) and reorganized several times.

The most important key persons and well-known heads of the Iraqi secret service (DGS / IIS) are:

resolution

With Order No 2, Paul Bremer also dissolved the Iraqi secret service on May 23, 2003.

New start in 2004

Order No 69 of April 1, 2004 created the new Iraqi National Intelligence Service (INIS for short; Arabic جهاز المخابرات الوطني العراقي Jihāz al-Muchābarāt al-Watanī al-ʿIrāqī , DMG Ǧihāz al-Muḫābarāt al-Waṭanī al-ʿIrāqī ). The first director of INIS was Mohammed Abdullah al-Shahwani , a Sunni- Iraqi Turkmen . Mustafa Al-Kadhimi was Director of the Secret Servicefrom June 2016 to April 2020.

gallery

  • Hussein Kamel al-Majid

  • Ali Hasan al-Majid

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d National Security Archive (PDF file; 781 kB) "Central Intelligence Agency: Iraq, Foreign Intelligence and Security Services, August 1985. Secret." , Accessed on January 31, 2013
  2. ↑ TALIB MURAD ALI ELAM: IRAQ 1969-NADHIM KAZAR. In: talibelam.coml. TALIB MURAD ALI ELAM, June 4, 2011, accessed on January 31, 2013 .
  3. ↑ Ibrahim Al-Marashi: Iraq's Armed Forces. Routledge Chapman & Hall, 2008, ISBN 978-041540-078-7 , p. 119
  4. ^ Walter Posch : Iraq under Saddam Hussein (PDF file; 1.6 MB) accessed on January 31, 2013
  5. ↑ iraqcoalition.org ( Memento of October 12, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 200 kB) "Order No 2" , accessed on January 31, 2013
  6. ↑ iraqcoalition.org (PDF file; 330 kB) "Order No 69" , accessed on January 31, 2013