Yellow curling spider
| Yellow curling spider | ||||||||||
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Yellow Curled Spider ( Nigma flavescens ) male |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Nigma flavescens | ||||||||||
| ( Walckenaer , 1830) |
The yellow curled spider ( Nigma flavescens ), also known as the yellowish lurk spider , is a weaving spider from the curly spider family (Dictynidae). It is common in large parts of Europe .
features
The body length of the yellow curly spider is 2.5 to 4 millimeters. The females are usually larger than the males. The front body (prosoma) is colored reddish brown on the upper side in both sexes and is bordered by a broad, light border in the female. Breastplate sternum and chelicerae are yellowish brown. The chelicerae of the males have a broad hump in the upper part.
The abdomen (opisthosoma) and the legs are light yellow to light brown in color in the female. Dorsally , the abdomen shows a fine, reticulated vein and a light brown, indistinct, sometimes heart-shaped mark. This drawing is often only faintly visible, especially on darker specimens. The opisthosoma is partially covered with white hairs, which can result in white transverse bands or rows of white spots. The abdomen of the male, like his legs, is colored red-brown. As with all species of the genus Nigma , the cribellum of the yellow curled spider is divided into two halves by a longitudinal bridge.
Similar species
The drawing on the back of the females is similar to that of the related green curled spider ( Nigma walckenaeri ), which is green in color and slightly larger. The males of the yellow curled spider can only be reliably distinguished from those of the species Nigma puella by genital morphological investigations. The females of Nigma puella , however, are brightly yellowish to whitish in color, with a reddish mark on the back of the abdomen. Nigma puella is less common in Germany, but is common in the British Isles.
Occurrence
The yellow curly spider occurs on the leaves of deciduous trees, for example on oaks , but also on the edges of forests and in clearings on perennials and higher grass. The species is more common in southern Europe than in the north. In Scandinavia , the Baltic States , there is only one evidence from the British Isles, which later turned out to be incorrectly determined. Adult males can be found in May and June, the females are still active in their nets into August.
Way of life
On the upper side of the leaf, near the base of the leaf , the spider builds its tent-roof-like hiding place. The opening faces the tip of the blade. From here the running threads and in between the cribellate catch threads are stretched out in a zigzag shape. Larger insects such as B. medium-sized flies are held in place by these curling threads and serve as food for the spider. The flat web on the leaf blade is similar to that of Nigma walckenaeri . The lenticular egg cocoon is deposited on the tent roof or right next to it.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Nigma flavescens. In: World Spider Catalog. Version 16, Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, 2015, accessed on May 26, 2015
- ↑ a b Nicolaj Klapkarek: Yellowish lurking spider - Nigma flavescens species profile at www.natur-in-nrw.de, accessed on May 26, 2015
- ↑ a b c Heiko Bellman: Cosmos Atlas Arachnids of Europe. Over 1000 photos. Kosmos (Franckh-Kosmos), 3rd edition, Stuttgart 2006, p. 44 ISBN 978-3-440-10746-1
- ^ GH Locket & AF Millidge: British Spiders. Ray Society, London 1951
- ^ MJ Roberts: Collins Field Guide. Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd., 1995 ISBN 0-00-219981-5
- ↑ Michael J. Roberts: The Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 1. Brill, Leiden 1985. ISBN 90 04 07658 1 p. 52.
- ↑ P Merrett; JA Murphy (2000): A revised check list of British spiders. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society Vol. 11 No. 9: 345-358.
- ↑ Heiko Bellman: The cosmos spider guide. Over 400 species in Europe. Kosmos nature guide. Kosmos (Franckh-Kosmos), 1st edition, Stuttgart 2010, p. 64 ISBN 978-3-440-10114-8
literature
- Heiko Bellman: The cosmos spider guide. Over 400 species in Europe. Kosmos nature guide. Kosmos (Franckh-Kosmos), 1st edition, Stuttgart 2010, p. 218 ISBN 978-3-440-10114-8
Web links
- Nigma flavescens. In: World Spider Catalog. Version 16, Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, 2015, accessed on May 26, 2015
- Nigma flavescens in Fauna Europaea
- W. Nentwig, T. Blick, D. Gloor, A. Hänggi, C. Kropf: Nigma flavescens . Description and distribution map from araneae - Spiders of Europe, Version 05.2015, accessed on May 26, 2015