Common diaper snail
| Common diaper snail | ||||||||||||
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Common diaper snail ( Vertigo pygmaea ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Vertigo pygmaea | ||||||||||||
| ( Draparnaud , 1801) |
The common diaper snail ( Vertigo pygmaea ) is a species of snail from the family of the diaper snail (Vertiginidae) in the suborder of the terrestrial lung snail (Stylommatophora).
features
The shell of the common diaper snail is 1.61 to 2.18 mm high and 1.0 to 1.2 mm wide (Myzyk). The shape is waltz-egg-shaped and somewhat variable. It has 4.1 to 5.1 (mean: 4.5) only slightly curved whorls. The surface of the light to dark brown case is dull or matt and shows only indistinct growth lines. The mouth edge is only slightly thickened and only slightly bent and widened. In the mouth, a strong neck bulge is formed in the neck area. It is set off from the outer lip by a notch. 4 to 7 white teeth protrude into the mouth, a parietal tooth and 3 to 6 other folds. In the majority, five teeth were formed on cases from Poland: one columellar, one parietal, two palatal and one basal tooth. Some housings lacked the basal tooth, in other housings the basal tooth was divided into two parts. The palatal teeth are connected to each other at the base by a callus.
The soft body of the animal is gray to black.
Similar species
The shell morphology of the common diaper snail is similar to the Alpine diaper snail ( Vertigo alpestris ). However, this species lacks the strong neck bulge.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The distribution area of the common diaper snail is the Holarctic . It is widespread in Europe. In the north of Scandinavia the distribution area extends to 64 ° north latitude. It is absent in the southern parts of southern Europe. It does not occur in Sicily , but lives in Sardinia and in mainland Italy and in north-west Africa. In Central Europe it is absent in contiguous mountain forests. In Switzerland it rises to 1,800 m, in Poland and Bulgaria to 1,500 m above sea level.
The species lives in open habitats without shade, such as dry limestone grasslands on sunny slopes with little vegetation, but also on moist, even swampy meadows with lush vegetation in grass and moss. The species is also rarely found on sand dunes. It is one of the few vertigo species that also inhabit habitats that have been heavily influenced by humans, such as gardens, pastures and railway embankments.
Way of life
According to observations in Poland, oviposition begins in June. The animals laid an egg every two to three days, rarely every day. Some animals also laid several eggs in a row. Later in the season, many animals took extended breaks between periods when eggs were laid again. The last eggs were laid between late July and early September. The eggs were laid on dry leaves, often covered with a detritus layer. The total number of eggs laid during one season was between 6 and 70. Some animals laid between 32 and 79 eggs in two egg-laying periods. The eggs are 0.42 to 0.60 mm in diameter. They are provided with three covers, the outer cover is smooth. The eggs were usually in the single-cell stage, more rarely they were also more advanced in development, which indicates that the eggs were retained in the uterus for one to three days. This was especially the case with some eggs that were laid in series one after the other. The development time was 9 days at 27 ° C, 11 to 13 days at 23 ° C and 15 days at 21 ° C.
At the time of hatching from July, the young had a housing with 1.20 to 1.25 coils and a diameter of 0.42 to 0.53 mm. The embryonic shell is covered with fine tubercles. By the end of the reproductive period in late September, only 18% of the young had reached sexual maturity. The remainder overwintered as juveniles that were not yet sexually mature. The wintering is documented in the housing by a light growing strip. Growth usually resumed in the second half of May. A few juveniles apparently overwintered a second time. The analysis of a population in October (2008) showed that 39.4% of the animals hatched in the same year, 48.5% in the previous year and 12.1% two years ago. A few animals hatched three years ago. Accordingly, the animals live to be one to two years old, in exceptional cases three years.
Taxonomy
The taxon was first described in 1801 by Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud as Pupa pymaea . The species is comparatively variable, the Fauna Europaea therefore has a number of synonyms :
- Pupa athesina Gredler 1856
- Vertigo ausonia De Stefani 1883
- Vertigo cornea Locard 1881
- Helix cylindrica JE Gray 1821
- Pupa quadridens Westerlund 1871
- Vertigo quadridentata Moquin-Tandon 1856
- Vertigo rubella Locard 1881
- Pupa sarena Gredler 1856
- Vertigo sexplicata Locard 1881
- Vertigo similis A. Ferussac 1821
- Alaea vulgaris Jeffreys 1830
Danger
The community of Windelschnecke is not endangered in Germany.
supporting documents
literature
- Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990 ISBN 3-89440-002-1 (p. 111)
- Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 142)
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983 ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 92)
- Stanisław Myzyk: Contribution to the biology of ten vertiginid species. Folia Malacologica, 19 (2): 55-80, Warsaw 2011 doi : 10.2478 / v10125-011-0004-9 .
- Beata M. Pokryszko: The Vertiginidae of Poland (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Pupilloidea) - a systematic monograph. Annales Zoologici, 43 (8): pp. 133-257, Warsaw 1990.
- Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5
Individual evidence
- ↑ MB Seddon, DT Holyoak: Land gastropoda of NW. Africa. New distributional data and nomenclature. Journal of Conchology, 34: 311-323, 1993 abstract
- ^ Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud: Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Pp. 1-116. Montpellier, Paris, Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson, 1801. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 57)
- ↑ Fauna Europea: Vertigo pygmaea
- ↑ JH Jungbluth, D. von Knorre (with the assistance of U. von Bössneck, K. Groh, E. Hackenberg, H. Kobialka, G. Körnig, H. Menzel-Harloff, H.-J. Niederhöfer, S. Petrick, K Schniebs, V. Wiese, W. Wimmer, ML Zettler): Red list of internal mollusks [snails (Gastropoda) and mussels (Bivalvia)] in Germany. Announcements of the German Malacozoological Society, 81: pp. 1–28, Frankfurt / M. 2009 PDF ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (1.3 MB)
