Common split-leaved leaf

Common split-leaved leaf
	Common split-leaved leaf ( Schizophyllum commune )
Systematics
Class :	Agaricomycetes
Subclass :	Agaricomycetidae
Order :	Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family :	Split-leaf relatives (Schizophyllaceae)
Genre :	Split leaves ( Schizophyllum )
Type :	Common split-leaved leaf
Scientific name
	Schizophyllum commune
	Fr.

The common split leaf ( Schizophyllum commune ) is a species of fungus from the family of split leaf relatives (Schizophyllaceae).

features

On the upper side fine felted to hairy fruiting bodies of the common split-leaved leaf on partly debarked dead wood

The split leaflet forms collective fruiting bodies, which consist of bowl-shaped (cypheloid) individual fruiting bodies that are partly fused together. The structure also explains the eponymous split " lamellas ", which gape apart when the weather is dry. The apparent insides of the lamellae represent the outsides of the fused fruit bodies. By means of hygrometric movement, the fruit layer is protected in a kind of chamber when it is dry. When moist, these chambers open again ("lamellae" closed) and the fruiting body sporulates again. It is reported that even fruit bodies kept dry for years sporulate again when moistened. The top of the collective fruiting body is covered with a felt that is gray when it is wet and when it is dry.

Species delimitation

The split-leaved leaf is the only species of its genus in Europe. Confusion with other types of mushrooms is unlikely due to their distinctive appearance.

Ecology and diffusion

The common split- leaved leaf grows as a saprobiont ( white rot pathogen) and wound parasite on various deciduous and coniferous trees. In the literature, the preferred substrate in Central Europe (?) Is the common beech followed by the spruce. In addition, the common split leaf is found on a large number of other woods and on other substrates (charred wood, herb stalks, bones and horn). It has even been reported to occur as a parasite in immunocompromised people. The split-leaved leaf is found in all types of Central European forest types and especially in anthropogenically influenced biotopes (roadsides and roadsides, wood storage areas, clearcuts, gardens and parks). As an extremely drought and heat resistant fungus, it occurs particularly on wood exposed to sun and wind. The fungus is widespread in Germany at all altitudes.

meaning

The split leaf is out of the question as an edible mushroom. As a decomposer of stored or built-in wood, it can cause considerable damage. The common split-leaved fungus is probably the most widespread fungus worldwide. It is particularly interesting that this mushroom forms 23,328 different sexes.

In June 2006 the Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt applied for a patent for a process to improve the sound properties of spruce with the help of the common split leaf without affecting the stability.

The split leaf will probably soon play an important role in oil production. Wintershall in Lower Saxony is currently working on a new, environmentally friendly technology that could significantly improve the production of crude oil: the fungus produces a biological thickener called schizophyllan, with the help of which up to 10% more oil can be extracted than without the polysaccharide.

swell

literature

German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): The large mushrooms of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 , pp. 412-413.
Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .

Individual evidence

^ E. Kothe: Mushrooms . In: Georg Fuchs (Hrsg.): Allgemeine Mikrobiologie . 8th edition. Thieme, Stuttgart 2007, p. 70 .
↑ Lukas Herzog: In Search of Stradivari's Secret. 30th Empa science aperitif. In: Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) . September 4, 2006, accessed March 28, 2016 (press release).
↑ Erika Kothe: Small mushroom for oil production. Institute for Microbiology at Friedrich Schiller University Jena, November 16, 2012, accessed on March 28, 2016 (press release).
↑ Gerhard Schuster: Split leaves in oil production . In: The Tintling . Issue 1/2015, No. 92 . Karin Monday, 2015, ISSN 1430-595X , p. 52-53 .

Web links

Commons : Schizophyllum commune ( Schizophyllum commune ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[1] E. Kothe: Mushrooms . In: Georg Fuchs (Hrsg.): Allgemeine Mikrobiologie . 8th edition. Thieme, Stuttgart 2007, p. 70 .

[Herzog2006-2] Lukas Herzog: In Search of Stradivari's Secret. 30th Empa science aperitif. In: Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) . September 4, 2006, accessed March 28, 2016 (press release).

[Kothe2012-3] Erika Kothe: Small mushroom for oil production. Institute for Microbiology at Friedrich Schiller University Jena, November 16, 2012, accessed on March 28, 2016 (press release).

[Schuster2015-4] Gerhard Schuster: Split leaves in oil production . In: The Tintling . Issue 1/2015, No. 92 . Karin Monday, 2015, ISSN 1430-595X , p. 52-53 .