Geonoma

Geonoma
	Geonoma congesta subsp. osensis
Systematics
	Commelinids
Order :	Palm- like arecales
Family :	Palm family (Arecaceae)
Subfamily :	Arecoideae
Tribe :	Geonomateae
Genre :	Geonoma
Scientific name
	Geonoma
	Willd.

Geonoma is a genus of palm that is native to Central and South America. Several ornamental plants belong to the genus.

features

Geonoma is a very variable genus. Most species are rather small. They grow individually or in groups. The palms are unarmed and single sexed ( monoecious ) and bloom several times. The trunk is very short and underground, or erect or creeping. When he is upright he is always slim. It is covered by thin leaf sheaths, then later becomes free. It is usually sticky.

The leaves are pinnate and divided regularly or irregularly, or they are undivided and then bifid (with two tips). The inflorescences are solitary and are spiked , forked or three to rarely four-fold branched. The ovary is only single-fan at flowering.

The chromosome number is 2n = 28.

Distribution and locations

The area of the genus extends from Mexico south to Brazil and Bolivia. All representatives grow in the undergrowth of the tropical rainforest. They occur from the plain to great heights. They are among the tallest palms in South America, Geonoma weberbaueri was found at 3150 m above sea level.

Systematics

Geonoma is classified within the palm family (Arecaceae) in the subfamily Arecoideae , tribe Geonomateae . The genus is monophyletic . The relationships within the tribe are still unclear.

In the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , the following types are recognized:

Geonoma brevispatha

Geonoma congesta , inflorescence

Geonoma deversa

Geonoma epetiolata

Geonoma pauciflora

Geonoma pohliana , flowers

Geonoma undata in culture

Geonoma stricta stricta

Geonoma aspidiifolia Spruce : Guiana, northern Brazil. With two subspecies.
Geonoma baculifera (Poit.) Kunth : Northern South America to Brazil.
Geonoma bernalii A.J.Hend. : Colombia.
Geonoma braunii (FWStauffer) AJHend. : Venezuela.
Geonoma brenesii Grayum : Costa Rica.
Geonoma brongniartii Mart. : Venezuela to western South America. With two subspecies.
Geonoma calyptrogynoidea Burret : Southern Panama to northwestern Ecuador.
Geonoma camana Trail : Colombia to Peru and northwestern Brazil.
Geonoma chlamydostachys Galeano : Colombia.
Geonoma chococola Wess. Boer : Colombia and Ecuador. With two subspecies.
Geonoma concinna Burret : Colombia. With two subspecies.
Geonoma concinnoidea A.J. Hend . : Panama. With three subspecies.
Geonoma congesta H. Wendl. ex Spruce : Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama. With two subspecies.
Geonoma cuneata H. Wendl. ex Spruce : Nicaragua to Venezuela and Ecuador. With nine subspecies.
Geonoma deneversii A.J.Hend. : Northwest Panama.
Geonoma deversa (Poit.) Kunth : Central America and tropical South America. With four subspecies.
Geonoma dindoensis A.J.Hend. : Colombia.
Geonoma divisa H.E. Moore : Northwestern Colombia.
Geonoma elegans Mart. : Brazil.
Geonoma epetiolata H.E. Moore : Costa Rica and Panama.
Geonoma euspatha Burret : Tropical South America.
Geonoma ferruginea H. Wendl. ex Spruce : Nicaragua and Costa Rica. With three subspecies.
Geonoma fosteri A.J.Hend. : Colombia and Ecuador.
Geonoma frontinensis Burret : Colombia.
Geonoma galeanoae A.J.Hend. : Colombia.
Geonoma gentryi A.J.Hend. : Colombia.
Geonoma hollinensis A.J.Hend. : Ecuador.
Geonoma hugonis Grayum & Nevers : Western Panama.
Geonoma interrupta (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart. : Southern Mexico to Bolivia. With six subspecies.
Geonoma lanata A.J.Hend., Borchs. & Balslev : Colombia and Ecuador.
Geonoma laxiflora Mart. : Western South America to northwestern Brazil.
Geonoma lehmannii Dammer ex Burret : Panama to Peru. With two subspecies.
Geonoma leptospadix Trail : Tropical South America.
Geonoma longepedunculata Burret : Colombia to northwestern Peru.
Geonoma longivaginata H. Wendl . ex Spruce : Nicaragua to Panama. With four subspecies.
Geonoma macrostachys Mart. : Western South America to Northern Brazil.
Geonoma maxima (Poit.) Kunth : Tropical South America. With 10 subspecies.
Geonoma monospatha de Nevers : Costa Rica and Panama.
Geonoma mooreana de Nevers & Grayum : Panama.
Geonoma multisecta (Burret) Burret : Southern Columbia to Eastern Ecuador.
Geonoma occidentalis (AJHend.) AJHend. : Peru to Bolivia and Brazil.
Geonoma oldemanii Granv. : French Guiana to Brazil.
Geonoma oligoclona Trail : Southeast Colombia to northwest Brazil.
Geonoma operculata A.J.Hend. : Venezuela.
Geonoma orbignyana Mart. : Central America to Bolivia. With two subspecies.
Geonoma paradoxa Burret : Colombia and Ecuador.
Geonoma pauciflora Mart. : Brazil.
Geonoma peruviana A.J.Hend. : Peru.
Geonoma pinnatifrons Willd. : Southern Mexico to Ecuador and Lesser Antilles to Venezuela. With seven subspecies.
Geonoma poeppigiana Mart. : Southern Colombia to Peru.
Geonoma pohliana Mart. : Bolivia to Brazil and Paraguay. With eleven subspecies.
Geonoma poiteauana Kunth : Colombia to northern South America and northern Brazil.
Geonoma sanmartinensis A.J.Hend. : Peru.
Geonoma santanderensis Galeano & R.Bernal : Northeastern Colombia.
Geonoma schizocarpa A.J.Hend. : Northern Peru.
Geonoma schottiana Mart. : Brazil.
Geonoma scoparia Grayum & Nevers : Southern Costa Rica.
Geonoma simplicifrons Willd. : Northern Venezuela.
Geonoma spinescens H. Wendl. ex Burret : Northern Venezuela.
Geonoma stricta (Poit.) Kunth : Tropical South America. With nine subspecies.
Geonoma talamancana Grayum : southern Costa Rica to western Panama.
Geonoma tenuissima H.E. Moore : Ecuador.
Geonoma triandra (Burret) Wess.Boer : Panama to Ecuador.
Geonoma triglochin Burret : Southern Colombia to Peru.
Geonoma trigona (Ruiz & Pav.) AHGentry : Ecuador and Peru.
Geonoma umbraculiformis Wess.Boer : Guiana, French Guiana, and northern Brazil.
Geonoma undata Klotzsch : Tropical America. With ten subspecies.
Geonoma venosa A.J. Hend. : Northwest Ecuador.

literature

John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera Palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms . Second edition, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2 , pp. 483-486.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Geonoma. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 6, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Geonoma - collection of images, videos and audio files

Geonoma on the homepage of the Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Geonoma. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 6, 2018.