History of the Confederation of Serbia and Montenegro
The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro replaced on 4 February 2003, the hitherto existing Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . This conversion came into force by a parliamentary resolution.
The member states of this state union , a very loose, state union-like association in which almost all competences lay with the sub-states, were not independent members of the UN , but had a joint seat in the General Assembly .
There was a joint parliament , the so-called "скупштина" ( Skupština Srbije i Crne Gore - Assembly of Serbia and Montenegro) with 126 members and several other joint institutions such as a joint president and a joint Council of Ministers, which comprised five ministries (defense, foreign policy, External economic relations, internal economic harmonization, civil and minority rights). The Serbian-Montenegrin Parliament met in Belgrade ; the Constitutional Court had its seat in Podgorica . The state flag and coat of arms were adopted by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the state anthem continued to be that of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On March 7, 2003, the Assembly of Serbia and Montenegro elected the Montenegrin Svetozar Marović (DPS) as President of the State Union of Serbia-Montenegro, who also assumed the role of Head of Government.
On March 4, 2005, the mandate of the members of the Union Assembly expired. The republics had not been able to agree on a new election beforehand. Since then, the status of Parliament has not been clarified; at any rate, part of the 2003 constitutional charter was de facto invalid.
The sub-states each had their own economic policy and currency . In the course of the reorganization, the former “Yugoslav New Dinar” (YUM) was renamed the Serbian Dinar (CSD) and was adopted by Serbia as the national currency with unchanged exchange rates. After years of using the Deutsche Mark, Montenegro introduced the euro as legal tender.
Customs controls had existed for a long time between the two countries .
On May 21, 2006, the Montenegrin population voted in a referendum with 55.5 percent yes votes ( voter turnout 86.3%) in favor of statehood for the country. The mark of 55 percent of the yes votes required by the European Union was thus achieved. On the day after the vote, the EU Foreign Affairs Representative Javier Solana announced that the European Union would “fully respect” the decision of the majority of the Montenegrin population in favor of an independent state. On June 3, 2006, the decision was officially confirmed by the parliament of Montenegro and the country's independence was declared. This sealed the end of the state community of Serbia and Montenegro .
The Serbian parliament, for its part, passed a declaration on June 5th declaring the end of the existence of Serbia-Montenegro; it declared Serbia to be the legal successor of the Union under international law . The Serbian state institutions were asked to take over the Union's tasks within 45 days. According to the constitutional charter of Serbia-Montenegro, Serbia is the sole legal successor of the Union, while Montenegro, as the part of the state that has left the Union, has to sign all internationally valid treaties itself.
literature
- Kompakt Ploetz, Komet Verlag GmbH, Cologne,. Revised and updated edition, ISBN 3-89836-469-0
- Pelagon The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is proclaimed, essay by A. Schwarz, April 27, 2012
- Contributions to foreign public law and international law, Vol. 214 Springer, Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3642-10270-7
- International Law: History - Institutions - Perspectives, Org.-Edition, CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-56278-5
Individual evidence
- ↑ Urs Saxer, The international control of self-determination and the emergence of the state (= contributions to foreign public law and international law; Vol. 214), Springer, Heidelberg [u. a.] 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-10270-7 , pp. 581 f.
- ^ Pelagon essay by A. Schwarz, 20 years ago: The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is proclaimed , April 27, 2012.
- ↑ Compact Ploetz, The Successor States of Yugoslavia, Serbia-Montenegro from 2003 , p. 520.
- ↑ Cf. Angelika Nußberger , Das Völkerrecht: Geschichte - Institutions - Perspektiven , orig. Edition, CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-56278-5 , p. 42 .