Sociable bell nabeling

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Sociable bell nabeling
Bell Nabeling Xeromphalina campanella.jpg

Sociable bell nabeling ( Xeromphalina campanella )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Helmling relatives (Mycenaceae)
Genre : Bell ringing ( Xeromphalina )
Type : Sociable bell nabeling
Scientific name
Xeromphalina campanella
( Batsch  : Fr. ) Maire

The inedible gregarious Bellennabeling ( Xeromphalina campanella , syn .: Omphalina campanella ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the Helmling relatives (Mycenaceae). The fruiting bodies appear from early spring to autumn. They grow on rotten conifer stumps.

features

Macroscopic features

The thin-fleshed hat is 0.5–2 cm wide, arched when young and bifurcated in the middle and, with age, bent upwards in a funnel shape. The smooth, shiny surface is yellow-brown to orange-brown in color. The navel is usually slightly darker in color and the edge is grooved almost to the middle of the hat.

The rather distant, narrow, sickle-shaped lamellas run down the handle for a short time. They are cross-veined at the bottom and colored similar to yellow-brown like the hat or a little lighter. The spore powder is creamy white and amyloid .

The cartilaginous and often bent stalk is 1.5–3 cm long and 0.1–0.2 cm wide. It is yellowish at the tip and darker rust-brown to black-brown at the base. The more or less curry base of the stem is covered with a yellowish mycelium felt in a fine felted manner and is sometimes slightly bulbous. In old age, the stem is mostly hollow. The flesh is thin and light brown in color. It tastes mild and somewhat mushroom-like, the smell is inconspicuous.

Microscopic features

The elliptical spores are 5.5–8 µm long and 3–4 µm wide.

Species delimitation

The sociable Bellennabeling belongs to a small species aggregate within the genus Xeromphalina . In addition to the sociable Bellennabeling, Xeromphalina enigmatica and X. kauffmanii also belong to this aggregate . Xeromphalina enigmatica cannot, however, be differentiated from the sociable bell nabeling using classical, anatomical-morphological methods. Therefore, in addition to cross-breeding tests, molecular biological examination methods (DNA sequencing) remain for species separation.

Xeromphalina kauffmanii seems to be restricted to North America, so that it cannot be confused with it in Europe. In North America, however, the areas of all three types of the aggregate overlap. Here, Xeromphalina kauffmanii can be distinguished from the other two species by its narrower spores, which are only 2.5–3 µm wide and by its presence of hardwood. In Europe, on the other hand, the areas of Xeromphalina enigmatica and the Sociable Bellennabeling overlap . Xeromphalina enigmatica was described from Finland, the area extends in Eurasia from Scandinavia to Russia to Japan. An occurrence in Central Europe has not been proven, but cannot be ruled out due to the problem of identification.

The aggeragt around the gregarious Bellennabeling can easily be confused with other species of the genus Xeromphalina . They are noticeable because they often grow grassy on dead and moss-covered coniferous stumps.

The yellow bell nabeling ( Xeromphalina fellea ) tastes bitter and grows on the ground in the coniferous forest, while the orange-red heftelnabeling ( Rickenella fibula ) occurs on the ground between mosses. He has very large, conspicuous cystidia that can be seen with a magnifying glass.

Ecology and diffusion

The fruiting bodies of the sociable bell-nabeling appear from July to October on rotten coniferous stumps, but they can sometimes be found as early as March. The mushroom grows gregariously and often almost as grass. Especially in the mountains you can find it crowded on spruce stumps. The species is quite rare in the lowlands. The area extends from Europe to Asia and North America.

meaning

The sociable bell nabeling is not an edible mushroom.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e M. SP Aldrovandi, JE Johnson, B. OMeara, RH Petersen, KW Hughes: The Xeromphalina campanella / kauffmanii complex: species delineation and biogeographical patterns of speciation . In: Mycologia . tape 107 , no. 6 , November 1, 2015, ISSN  0027-5514 , p. 1270-1284 , doi : 10.3852 / 15-087 ( mycologia.org ).
  2. ↑ a b c d Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms. Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, pigeons, milklings and other groups with lamellas (=  spectrum of nature / BLV intensive guide ). BLV, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 130 .
  3. ^ A b Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos mushroom atlas . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 , pp. 98 .
  4. ↑ a b Karin Monday: Sociable bell tagging Xeromphalina campanella In the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com. Retrieved September 23, 2013 .
  5. ^ Orson K. Miller Jr .: A Revision of the Genus Xeromphalina . In: Mycologia . tape 60 , no. 1 , January 1968, ISSN  0027-5514 , p. 156-188 , doi : 10.1080 / 00275514.1968.12018555 ( tandfonline.com ).

Web links

Commons : Sociable bell-labeling  album with pictures, videos and audio files