Pouring test

The Giessen Test (GT) is a psychological test procedure from the field of personality tests . The authors are the psychologists Dieter Beckmann , Elmar Brähler and Horst-Eberhard Richter , who taught at the University of Giessen .

background

The development of the casting test began as early as 1964. The first version of the procedure was published in 1972. The last edition dates from 1991. In 2012, a revised version appeared under the name "GT-II. The Gießen-Test II", which is mainly characterized by the inclusion of new standard values, a modernization of the layout, simplified evaluation methods and the addition of new ones Studies in the manual are recognized.

It is a very common method of personality diagnosis. The pouring test is available in numerous foreign language versions, e.g. B. in English, French, Russian, Swedish, Czech or Japanese. Psychoanalytic , learning theory , interactionist and social psychological concepts and theories were incorporated into the development of the procedure . The Giessen test thus differs from the personality tests of the so-called Big Five .

The test can be used for people aged 18 and over and an intelligence quotient greater than 80. With this method, the self-image and ideal image of one's own person as well as the image of others can be recorded. It can be carried out as an individual or group examination. Answering the questions takes about 10 to 15 minutes, the evaluation about 5 to 10 minutes. The Gießen test is available as a computer version in the Hogrefe TestSystem .

The Giessen test has a wide range of uses, for example in psychotherapy research , clinical psychology , differential psychology , psychiatry or psychosomatics . It enables individual comparisons between self-image and the image of others, self-image and ideal image, comparisons between different people and the measurement of changes in personality traits over time. The Giessen test can also be used to diagnose couples.

Scales

The 40 questions of the Giessen test are assigned to the following six scales:

Social response
Dominance
control
Basic mood
Permeability
Social potency

In the control scale M, the questions that were answered with zero are still recorded. The scale E records the crossings of the extreme values (number three). All questions of the procedure are formulated as bipolar statements, to which the left- or right-hand formulation must be agreed on on a seven-point scale:

1	I have the impression that I am rather impatient	3 2 1 0 1 2 3	rather patient.
10	I think I have a lot to do with other people	3 2 1 0 1 2 3	particularly little trust.
40	I feel at ease when dealing with the opposite sex	3 2 1 0 1 2 3	very self-conscious.

Quality criteria

objectivity

The objectivity of the procedure is given by the standardization of the implementation (e.g. defined questionnaire and answer format) and the evaluation (definition of the scale allocation).

Reliability

The reliability of the procedure has been shown in many studies. The mean stability (internal consistency) of the scales is .86. The retest reliability for N = 204 test persons after six weeks was between r = .65 and r = .76.

validity

Numerous studies prove the validity of the procedure. The items of the Gießen test are valid for their content. Factor analyzes showed that the six scales were largely independent (exception: social potency scale). Comparisons with other methods of personality diagnosis were made in various studies, for example in relation to the questionnaire on remembered parental upbringing behavior (FEE) or the inventory for recording interpersonal problems (IIP-D). More recent, Germany-representative data confirm the validity of the procedure compared to the Neo-Five-Factor-Inventory (NEO-FFI).

Norms

The manual documents values from a standardization study from 1989 (only old federal states). Newer norm values representative of Germany are available for the Giessen test , which were collected in 1994 and 2006. The extent of the scale values depends on gender, age and place of residence (East / West Germany). Separate standard values are available for older people over 60 years of age.

Web links

Bibliography on the Giessen test as of November 30, 1998, accessed on February 26, 2011
Giessen test in the Hogrefe test system , accessed on February 26, 2011
The pouring test II by Dieter Beckmann, Elmar Brähler, Horst-Eberhard Richter Verlag Hans Huber Bern 2012 (further development).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Beckmann, D., Brähler, E. & Richter, H.-E. (1991). The casting test (GT). (4th expanded and revised edition with new standardization 1990). Bern: Huber.
↑ Beckmann, D. & Richter, HE (1972). The casting test (GT). Bern: Huber.
↑ ^a ^b Beckmann, D., Brähler, E. & Richter, H.-E. with the collaboration of Spangenberg, L. (2012). GT-II The Giessen Test II. Bern: Huber.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Klaiberg, A. (2002). GT. Pouring test. In E. Brähler, J. Schumacher & B. Strauss (eds.), Diagnostic Methods in Psychotherapy (pp. 172–175). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
↑ ^a ^b Soeder, U. (2003). GT. The casting test. In H. Berth & F. Balck (eds.), Psychological tests for medical professionals (pp. 56-57). Heidelberg: Springer.
↑ ^a ^b Wischmann, T. (2002). Casting test (GT). In E. Brähler, H. Holling, D. Leutner & F. Petermann (eds.), Brickenkamp. Manual of psychological and educational test. Volume 1 . 3rd edition (pp. 661-662). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
^ Brähler, E. & Brähler, C. (1993). Couples diagnostics with the Giessen test. Bern: Huber.
↑ ^a ^b Brähler, E., Schumacher, J. & Brähler, C. (1999). First all-German standardization and specific validity aspects of the casting test. Journal for Differential and Diagnostic Psychology , 20, 231–243.
^ Roth, M., Körner, A. & Herzberg, PY (2008). Typological and dimensional approach at comparing the Giessen Test (GT) with the NEO-Five-Factor-Inventory (NEO-FFI). GMS Psychosoc Med 2008; 5: Doc06 .
^ Spangenberg, L. & Brähler, E. (2011). Re-normalization of the Gießen test as representative of the population (14–92 years). Psychotherapy, psychosomatics, medical psychology , 61, efirst doi : 10.1055 / s-0031-1271639 .
↑ Gunzelmann, T., Schumacher, J. & Brähler, E. (2002). Standardization of the casting test for people over 60. Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics , 35, 13–20.

[Gießen_Test-1] Beckmann, D., Brähler, E. & Richter, H.-E. (1991). The casting test (GT). (4th expanded and revised edition with new standardization 1990). Bern: Huber.

[Beckmann-2] Beckmann, D. & Richter, HE (1972). The casting test (GT). Bern: Huber.

[Gießen_Test_II-3] Beckmann, D., Brähler, E. & Richter, H.-E. with the collaboration of Spangenberg, L. (2012). GT-II The Giessen Test II. Bern: Huber.

[klaiberg-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Klaiberg, A. (2002). GT. Pouring test. In E. Brähler, J. Schumacher & B. Strauss (eds.), Diagnostic Methods in Psychotherapy (pp. 172–175). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

[soeder-5] Soeder, U. (2003). GT. The casting test. In H. Berth & F. Balck (eds.), Psychological tests for medical professionals (pp. 56-57). Heidelberg: Springer.

[wischmann-6] Wischmann, T. (2002). Casting test (GT). In E. Brähler, H. Holling, D. Leutner & F. Petermann (eds.), Brickenkamp. Manual of psychological and educational test. Volume 1 . 3rd edition (pp. 661-662). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

[paardiagnostik-7] Brähler, E. & Brähler, C. (1993). Couples diagnostics with the Giessen test. Bern: Huber.

[norm-8] Brähler, E., Schumacher, J. & Brähler, C. (1999). First all-German standardization and specific validity aspects of the casting test. Journal for Differential and Diagnostic Psychology , 20, 231–243.

[neo-9] Roth, M., Körner, A. & Herzberg, PY (2008). Typological and dimensional approach at comparing the Giessen Test (GT) with the NEO-Five-Factor-Inventory (NEO-FFI). GMS Psychosoc Med 2008; 5: Doc06 .

[norm_3-10] Spangenberg, L. & Brähler, E. (2011). Re-normalization of the Gießen test as representative of the population (14–92 years). Psychotherapy, psychosomatics, medical psychology , 61, efirst doi : 10.1055 / s-0031-1271639 .

[norm_2-11] Gunzelmann, T., Schumacher, J. & Brähler, E. (2002). Standardization of the casting test for people over 60. Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics , 35, 13–20.