Ginkgolic acid
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| General | |||||||||||||||||||
| Surname | Ginkgolic acid | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Molecular formula | C 22 H 34 O 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Brief description |
light brown flakes |
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| properties | |||||||||||||||||||
| Molar mass | 346.50 g mol −1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
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| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | |||||||||||||||||||
Ginkgolic acid is a phenolic ingredient of the ginkgo plant from the substance class of anacardic acids . It is therefore also contained in many ginkgo-containing medicines and teas , but is subject to a maximum concentration in extracts of 5 ppm as a contaminant , corresponding to a maximum amount of 0.6 to 1.2 µg per day with a drug intake of 120 to 240 mg of extract. Since the concentration of ginkgolic acid in tea products has not yet been controlled, teas containing ginkgo are discussed as potentially harmful to health. Ginkgolic acid can cause severe allergies and inflammation of the stomach lining. Cytotoxic, neurotoxic and mutagenic effects have also been demonstrated.
| Content of ginkgolic acid in various teas | |||
| Limit value (µg / day) | Extract (µg / g) | Infusion (µg / ml tea) | Infusion (µg / cup of tea) |
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| 0.6-1.2 | 107-7577 | 0.24-0.45 | 48.1-99.0 |
Analytics
For reliable qualitative and quantitative determination of ginkgolic acid, the couplings of mass spectrometry with gas chromatography ( GC-MS ) and HPLC ( HPLC-MS ) are used after adequate sample preparation .
See also
- Marrow fruit tree ( Semecarpus anacardium , Syn .: Anacardium orientale )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c data sheet Ginkgolic acid C15: 1 from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 21, 2017 ( PDF ).
- ↑ Pharmacy of the University of Frankfurt ( Memento from March 29, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on November 28, 2011)
- ↑ a b Tea products containing ginkgo are not without risk. In: Pharmaceutical newspaper. 46/2008, accessed November 28, 2011.
- ↑ Dangerous Ginkgo Teas. In: Das Erste, W as in knowledge. accessed on November 28, 2011.
- ↑ The safety of teas containing ginkgo leaves cannot be assessed due to a lack of data. Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (PDF, accessed December 1, 2011; 301 kB)
- ↑ M. Wang, J. Zhao, B. Avula, YH Wang, C. Avonto, AG Chittiboyina, PL Wylie, JF Parcher, IA Khan: High-resolution gas chromatography / mass spectrometry method for characterization and quantitative analysis of ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba plants, extracts, and dietary supplements. In: J Agric Food Chem. 62 (50), Dec 17, 2014, pp. 12103-12111. PMID 25383633
- ↑ X. Yao, GS Zhou, YP Tang, YF Qian, HL Guan, H. Pang, S. Zhu, X. Mo, SL Su, C. Jin, Y. Qin, DW Qian, JA Duan: Simultaneous quantification of flavonol glycosides, terpene lactones, biflavones, proanthocyanidins, and ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba leaves from fruit cultivars by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. In: Biomed Res Int. 2013, 2013, p. 582591. PMID 23533996