Ginti-kirmil
Ginti-kirmil is a place in Palestine known from the Amarna letters ( EA 289 : 18-20). The exact location is unknown. According to Aharoni , Ginti-kirmil is to be equated with Gath-Carmel and the Gath of the Philistines . This identification is accepted by most researchers today. The Carmel Mountains (Gat Carmel) and Jatt in the central Sharon plain were also proposed as localization . The latter location would be consistent with the mineralogy of the corresponding letters. Aharon argues against it that Jatt according to the Shishak list is identical to the Giti-padalla (Gath-padalla) of the Armana letters (EA 250, 13). Pliny (Historia naturalis V, 17, 74) mentions a getta north of Mount Carmel, which is also equated with Ginti-kirmil.
The ruler of Ginti-kirmil was called Tagi . He is the sender of the Amarna letter EA 266. On the basis of paleographic studies, Vita assumes that the letter was written by a scribe from Gezer , who also worked for the rulers of Gath and Ashdod . He also assigned letters from Jahtiru (EA 296) to this clerk. But the latter also used other scribes. Tagi was a vassal of Egypt , but was apparently also under the rule of the Lab'aia of Shechem , who rebelled against the Pharaoh and was finally murdered by the men of Gila . Tagi presumably waved between these two poles in order to gain a certain freedom of action.
In an Amarna letter (EA 289: 18-24) Abdi-Hepa of Jerusalem mentions troops from Ginti-kirmil in Beth-Shean: "See, the land of the city of Ginti-Kirmil belongs to Tagi and the men of Ginti Kirmil form the garrison of Beth-She'an. Should we act like Lab'aia when he gave the land of Shechem to the Hapiru ? "
In 1993 a clay cylinder was discovered in Bet She'an that contained a cuneiform letter from Tagi of Ginti-Kirmil to his overlord Lab'aia of Shechem .
Ruler
- Tagi
- Schuwardata, son of Tagi (Albright, however, considers Schuwardata to be the king of Hebron ).
literature
- Albright, in: Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (BASOR). Atlanta 87.1942, 37th ISSN 0003-097X
- Albright: The Arnama letters from Palestine. in: The Cambridge Ancient History . Vol. 2 chap. 20. Cambridge 1966, p. 20.
- W. Helck: The situation of the city of Tunip . in: Ugarit research. Münster 5.1973, 286-288. ISSN 0342-2356
- Wayne Horowitz: The Amarna Age inscribed clay cylinder from Beth-Shean. in: The Biblical Archaeologist . Philadelphia 60.1997,2, 97-100. ISSN 0006-0895
- Wayne Horowitz: An inscribed clay cylinder from Amarna Age Beth Shean. in: Israel Exploration journal. Jerusalem 46.1996, 208-17. ISSN 0021-2059
- Yohanan Aharoni: Rubute and Ginti-Kirmil. in: Vetus Testamentum. Leiden 19.1969,2, 137-145. ISSN 0042-4935
- Pinhas Artzi: A Canaanite-Babylonian caravan venture, a note on EA 255 and 256 . in: journal of semitics. Univ. of South Africa, Pretoria 7.1995, 2 (abstract). ISSN 1013-8471
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ J.-P. Vita, The Gezer-Corpus von El-Amarna: Extent and Schreiber, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 90, 2000, 70-77