Giuseppe Armellini

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Giuseppe Armellini (born October 24, 1887 in Rome , † July 15, 1958 ) was an Italian astronomer .

Life

Armellini graduated from the University of Rome with a degree in engineering in 1910 and mathematics in 1912 . During a stay at the Paris Observatory and that of Meudon, he turned to astronomy. After winning the chair competition in 1915, he was Professor of Rational Mechanics at the Turin Polytechnic and from 1920 Professor of Astronomy and Celestial Mechanics at the University of Pisa , where he also founded a small observatory. In 1922 he moved to the University of Rome, where he succeeded Alfonso Di Legge (1847-1938) as director of the observatory on the Capitol. Later, because of light pollution and traffic disturbances in Rome, it was decided to move to Monte Mario, where the observatory opened in 1938 ( Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma ). In 1957 he retired. He died shortly after a fire destroyed the observatory on the Capitol in Rome.

Although he was also an observing astronomer, he was primarily a theoretician and specialist in celestial mechanics (including the movement of celestial bodies with variable mass, the three-body problem following Karl Sundman , the formation of the planetary system and star systems, perturbation calculations on the movements of the moons of the large planets, Conclusions about flattening of the earth from satellite orbits, origin of comets). In astrophysics, he dealt with the difference between visual and bolometric brightness, corrections to derive the star temperature from the spectrum (for example through selective absorption in the atmosphere), brightness fluctuations in Mira stars . As an observing astronomer, among other things, he dealt with regular measurements of the sun's diameter to detect pulsations, observed double stars and planets.

In mathematics he dealt with number theory ( perfect numbers ) and asymptotics of solutions to differential equations and equilibrium figures of rotating liquids.

In 1919 he received the Mathematics Prize of the Accademia dei XL . He was a member of the Accademia dei Lincei .

The asteroid (6855) Armellini is named after him.

Fonts

  • Trattato di astronomia siderale , 3 volumes, Bologna, Ed. Zanichelli 1928 to 1936
  • I fondamenti scientifici dell'astronomia , Milan, Hoepli 1946, 2nd edition 1952
  • I fondamenti scientifici dell'astrofisica , Milan, Hoepli 1953
  • Corso di meccanica razionale , Padua 1921
  • Lezioni di meccanica razionale , Milan 1944
  • Astronomia e Geodesia , Bologna 1941
  • Employee of the Enciclopedia Italiana (including the article stars )

literature

  • Nicola Virgopia: Armellini, Giuseppe , in: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani . Volume 4. 1962

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nicola Virgopia, Dictionnaire Biografico degli Italiani 1962. He died on the night of 15 July. The fire in the observatory was on July 14th. Sergio Caggia, Paul Gwynne, Nerone ( Memento of the original from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nerone.cc
personal data
SURNAME Armellini, Giuseppe
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian astronomer
DATE OF BIRTH October 24, 1887
PLACE OF BIRTH Rome
DATE OF DEATH July 15, 1958