Incandescent lights

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The light bulbs
Incandescent light logo 1891.jpg
description humorous-satirical worker paper
publishing company Verlag der Wiener Volksbuchhandlungen
First edition November 30, 1889
attitude December 30, 1915
Frequency of publication fortnightly
Editor-in-chief Hans Bernauer (No.1.1889-No.166.1896)
editor Hans Czermak (No.1.1889-No.73.1892), David Sutzmann (No.74.1892-No.166.1896)

The magazine Die Glühlichter , first published in 1889 , from 1896 Neue Glühlichter , from 1909 Glühlichter , was the most important humorous-satirical workers paper of the Social Democratic Workers' Party founded in the same year . The magazine appeared with a few interruptions from 1889 to 1915 in the style of the very similar, better-known satirical magazine, the Munich Simplicissimus , in Vienna.

Origin of the "light bulbs"

The magazine first appeared on November 30, 1889 and was published until 1896 under the name Die Glühlichter . From 1898 to 1909, the magazine was published under the name Neue Glühlichter, with a few minor interruptions . After 1909 until it was discontinued in 1915, the magazine appeared under the name Glühlichter . It appeared continuously with a few interruptions every 14 days.

Editor and collaborator

The magazine was published by Hans Czermak, David Sussmann, Artur Haydtmann and Ignaz Brand. Among the well-known editors there are contributions by, for example, Hermann Hesse , Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach or Anastasius Grün . Emil Kralik, Hans Bernauer, Hugo Heller , Stephan Großman and Josef Luitpold Stern also worked as editorial staff for the magazine . Fritz Kaskeline , Theodor Zajeckowski, Fritz Graetz , Franz Koch and Moriz Jung were responsible for the majority of the caricatures .

Poor Republic: Marianne is shown tied to a stake. The upper class dances around them while under the eye of Henri Rochefort, Commander Esterházy ignites the stake / caricature from "Neue Glühlichter" February 26, 1898

Editorial policy

The light bulbs and the people behind them saw it as necessary to convince people of the value and necessity of the labor movement . They were critical of suffrage struggles and called for direct voting rights. The magazine targeted bourgeois morality and the working class. The magazine reached an unusually high level for a satirical newspaper at the time, which is due, among other things, to editorial contributions by the well-known writers mentioned above. The magazine also took a pacifist stance, which it maintained during the First World War .

Cartoons

High-ranking politicians and the military were often caricatured for anti-Semitic acts. For example, Karl Lueger was portrayed in a caricature with the signature Anti-Semitic Deer Hunt with a stick beating a Jew. Another caricature shows Lueger with his party friends and a religious Jew standing in front of a soup pot while they cook a "clerical-Christian-social-anti-Semitic-folk-dumbing-down porridge" together. Karl Lueger was also portrayed as a doctor who gave his patients medicine labeled Christian Social Anti-Semitic Nonsense . Karl Lueger was a political opponent of the Social Democrats in the pre-war period because he not only belonged to the Christian Social Party , but also founded it himself in 1893.

Setting in the First World War

With the beginning of the First World War , with regard to caricatures in satirical magazines, there was a clear change from critical political representations concerning politics in one's own country to an overcoming of the political differences. So it was no longer party members of the competing parties caricatured, but the common enemy of the war. This change to a unified enemy, which had to be downplayed for propaganda purposes, is now called truce policy .

However, the incandescent lights were an exception. They did not participate in the civil peace policy, but continued to represent a clear pacifist anti-war stance. The consequence was the frequent censorship of the magazine: of the 22 issues of the last editorial team, 15 were objected to. This eventually led to the setting. The last edition appeared on December 30, 1915.

Other humorous magazines in World War I.

literature

  • Christine Eichinger : Caricature and satire in the fight for the rights of the proletariat . In: Yearbook of the Association for the History of the City of Vienna 38 , Vienna 1982
  • Thomas Dietzel, Hans-Otto Hügel : German literary journals 1880-1945, Ein Repertorium . KG Saur-Verlag, Munich / New York / London / Paris 1988, volume 1: 1-764, page 503, ISBN 3-598-10646-7
  • Ulrich Wyrwa : Anti-Semitic caricatures . In: Wolfgang Benz (ed.) , Handbook of Antisemitism, Anti-Semitism in Past and Present . De Gruyter Saur-Verlag, Berlin / Munich / Boston / Set 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-025873-8 .

Web links

Commons : Glühlichter - humorous satirical workers newspaper  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christine Eichinger : Caricature and satire in the struggle for the rights of the proletariat . In: Yearbook of the Association for the History of the City of Vienna 38 , Vienna 1982, p.139ff., P.145ff., P. 153f.
  2. ^ Ulrich Wyrwa : Anti-Semitic caricatures . In: Wolfgang Benz (ed.) , Handbook of Antisemitism, Anti-Semitism in Past and Present . De Gruyter Saur-Verlag, Berlin / Munich / Boston / Satz 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-025873-8 , pp. 16-17.
  3. ↑ http://erster-weltkrieg.dnb.de/WKI/Web/DE/Navigation/Propaganda-und-Zensur/Der-Krieg-in-deutschen-Satireblaettern/der-krieg-in-deutschen-satireblaettern.html
  4. ↑ To our readers . In: Artur Haydtmann (Ed.): Glühlichter . 27, 18th year. Forward , Vienna December 30, 2015 ( PDF ).