Glaphyra

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Glaphyra

Glaphyra (Greek Γλαφύρα, * around 35 BC; † around 7 AD) was a daughter of Archelaus , king of Cappadocia , and a granddaughter of the hetaera of the same name . Through her marriages with the Jewish prince Alexander and later with his brother Herodes Archelaos as well as her brief marriage with Juba II , the king of Mauritania , Glaphyra was a very well-known woman at the time of the Roman emperor Augustus .

origin

Glaphyra was established around 35 BC. Born in Cappadocia. Her great-grandfather Archelaus was 63 BC. Was appointed high priest of Comana in Pontus by the Roman general Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus . 56-55 BC He was briefly King of Egypt through his marriage to the Egyptian ruler Berenike IV .

Her grandfather, also named Archelaos , held the lucrative office of high priest of Komana, which was associated with royal dignity until he was 47 BC. Was deposed by Gaius Iulius Caesar as part of a political reorganization.

Glaphyras father, also called Archelaos Sisinnes or Sisinna, was born in 36 BC. Raised King of Cappadocia by the Roman triumvir Marcus Antonius against the legitimate throne holder Ariarathes X , who had relied on the Parthians in his anti-Rome policy . Her mother's name is not known. Antonia Tryphaina was her stepsister from a second marriage of her father to Pythodoris, the first marriage to Polemon I , 37–38 BC. Had been king of Pontus .

The ancient kingdom of Cappadocia was in Asia Minor (now part of Turkey ). Archelaos Sisinna ruled for over 50 years until he was brought to justice by the Roman Emperor Tiberius , whom he had offended, and died soon after (17 AD). He was the last king of Cappadocia, which became a Roman province after his death .

Life

Glaphyra married around 17 BC. Prince Alexander, the son of the Jewish king Herod the Great from his marriage to the Hasmonean princess Mariamne , who was raised in Rome . Alexander and Glaphyra had three children, including two sons, Alexander and Tigranes. Tigranes was later as Tigranes V king of Armenia , as well as a son of his brother Alexander, who 58-63 AD as Tigranes VI. sat on the Armenian throne.

Glaphyra is said to have played a stimulating role in the cabal at the Jewish royal court in Jerusalem . Obviously the Cappadocian princess, who was arrogant about her noble origins, had constant quarrels with Salome , her sister-in-law, a sister of Herod the Great. Because of her aristocratic pride (she traced her family tree back to the Persian great king Dareios I ) she is said - as the Jewish historian Flavius ​​Josephus reports - not to have been very popular among her Jewish relatives. Salome tried to bring down Glaphyras and therefore suspected her of a love affair with Herod in her husband. Archelaus, in turn, tried to protect his daughter Glaphyra and her husband against suspicions from the Jewish king through personal mediation. At 8 BC Chr. Eurykles of Sparta visited rulers' residences of the Orient, stayed among others with Herod and showed great attentions as alleged confidante of the Cappadocian king Glaphyra, but worsened the conflict between Herod and his sons.

Glaphyra's husband Alexander was born in 8/7 BC. Executed by his own father for alleged coup plans. King Herod then sent his widowed daughter-in-law and her dowry back to Cappadocia, but kept her two sons Alexander and Tigranes with him. However, these came after Herod's death 4 BC. BC to their mother in Cappadocia, abandoned their Jewish faith and adopted the Greek religion.

Later (probably around 1 AD) Glaphyra became the wife of the Roman client king Juba II of Mauritania, whose wife Cleopatra Selene , a daughter of Mark Antony and the famous Queen Cleopatra VII , perhaps around 5 BC. Had died. Glaphyra thus also became the stepmother of his son Ptolemy and his possible daughter Drusilla . The marriage between Glaphyra and Juba did not last long, however, because Glaphyra agreed to become the wife of the Jewish ethnarch Herodes Archelaus , the half-brother of her first husband, and divorced Juba II around AD 4. Archelaus also rejected his previous wife for the new marriage to Glaphyra. According to Jewish law, this was a sinful association.

death

Glaphyra died around 7 AD. According to the legend reported by Flavius ​​Josephus, she suffered from guilt complexes because of her marriage to Archelaus, because she had a nightmare in which her late husband Alexander appeared, the executed son of King Herod, and her allegations because of her marriage to his half-brother. A few days after this experience, Glaphyra is said to have died.

swell

  • Cassius Dio : Roman History .
  • Flavius ​​Josephus: Jewish antiquities .
  • Flavius ​​Josephus: The Jewish War .
  • Tacitus : annals .

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ Josephus , Jüdische Antiquities 16:11; same, Jewish War 1,446; see. Günther, Herodes the Great , p. 136f.
  2. ↑ Cf. Josephus, Jüdische Altertäne 17,12; same Jewish War 1,552.
  3. ↑ Josephus, Jüdische Antiquities 16,193; the same, Jewish War 1.476 ff.
  4. ↑ Josephus, Jüdische Antiquities 16,206 ff.
  5. ↑ Josephus, Jüdische Antiquities 16: 261-269; same, Jewish War 1,499-510.
  6. ↑ Josephus, Jüdische Antiquities 16, 301-308.
  7. ↑ Josephus, Jüdische Antiquities 17:11; the same, Jewish War 1,553.
  8. ↑ Josephus, Jüdische Antiquities 17,349 f .; the same, Jewish War 2,115; OGIS 363.
  9. ↑ Josephus, Jüdische Antiquities 17,349-353; the same, Jewish War 2.114 ff.

See also

personal data
SURNAME Glaphyra
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Γλαφύρα (Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Daughter-in-law of Herod the Great
DATE OF BIRTH around 35 BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH at 7