Herodians

As Herodian the descendants of one called Herod the Great (his father in a broader sense the descendants of Antipater ), a dynasty , from the pre-Christian in the first century AD and the first several rulers in the region of Palestine emerged.

Descendants of Herod the Great

The family relationships of the Herodian dynasty are extremely complicated, especially due to the multiple marriages within the family, which would make a graphic representation in the form of a family tree extremely confusing.

The table below tries to reproduce the relationships - as far as known. It is based on the table printed by Richardson, which has been supplemented with cross-references and individual information. The Richardson table is in turn based on that printed by Hanson (see references).

The fact that we go into the details of the family relationships in such a way is justified by the great influence of this family on the conditions in Palestine at the turn of the ages and by the effects that these events had on the emergence of Christianity and the development of Judaism.

The years without further information are to be understood as before the calendar, years after Christ are marked by AD . The dates themselves are based on well-founded conjectures by Richardson. Where you are particularly unsure, the information is marked with a question mark.

Marriages of Herod

No.	Surname	* / †	father	mother	marriage	Spouse	* / ∞ / †	comment
1	Herod	* 73 † 4	Antipater	Cypros	A.	Doris	∞47	Divorce, back at court after 14
					B.	Mariamne	* 54? ∞37 † 29	Hasmonean , granddaughter of John Hyrcanus II.
					C.	(Niece)	∞30?
					D.	(Cousin)	∞29?
					E.	Malthake	∞27 † 4	Samaritan woman
					F.	Cleopatra	∞25
					G	Mariamne II.	∞23	Daughter of Simon ben Boethos , marriage divorced
					H	Pallas	∞21
					I.	Phaedra	∞19
					J	Elpis	∞17

Children of Herod

No.	Surname	* / †	father	mother	marriage	Spouse	* / ∞ / †	comment
2	Antipater	* 45? † 4	Herod [1]	Doris [1A]	A.	(Daughter of Antigonus )	∞14?
2	Antipater	* 45? † 4	Herod [1]	Doris [1A]	B.	Mariamne [21]	∞5?	niece
3	Alexander	* 36? † 7	Herod [1]	Mariamne [1B]	A.	Glaphyra	∞17	Daughter of Archelaus of Cappadocia
4th	Aristobulus	* 35? † 7	Herod [1]	Mariamne [1B]	A.	Berenike	* 36 ∞17	Daughter of Salome, sister of Herod [1]
5	(Son)	* 33? †Rome	Herod [1]	Mariamne [1B]
6th	Salampsio	* 33?	Herod [1]	Mariamne [1B]	A.	Phasael	* 44 ∞7	Cousin (son of Phasael, brother of Herod [1])
7th	Cypros	* 32?	Herod [1]	Mariamne [1B]	A.	Antipater	* 34? ∞7	Cousin (son of Herod's sister [1])
8th	Herodes Boethos (aka Herodes Philippos I.)	* 22?	Herod [1]	Mariamne [1G]	A.	Herodias [20]		niece
9	Archelaus	* 23?	Herod [1]	Malthake [1E]	A.	Mariamne [21]
9	Archelaus	* 23?	Herod [1]	Malthake [1E]	B.	Glaphyra [3A]		divorced wife of Alexander [3]
10	Herod Antipas	* 21?	Herod [1]	Malthake [1E]	A.	(Daughter of Aretas IV. )
10	Herod Antipas	* 21?	Herod [1]	Malthake [1E]	B.	Herodias [20]		divorced wife [8A] of Herod Boethos [8]
11	Olympias	* 19?	Herod [1]	Malthake [1E]	A.	Joseph	* 45?	Cousin (son of Herod's brother [1])
12	Herod Philip (II.)	* 20? † 34 AD	Herod [1]	Cleopatra [1F]	A.	Salome [41]		niece
13	Herod	* 18 † approx. 4th	Herod [1]	Cleopatra [1F]	?
14th	Phasael	* 19? † approx. 4th	Herod [1]	Pallas [1H]	?
15th	Roxana	* 18?	Herod [1]	Phaedra [1I]	A.	(Son of Pheroras )	* 30? ∞4	Cousin (Pheroras was Herod's brother [1]); Engagement by Augustus
16	Salome	* 17?	Herod [1]	Elpis [1Y]	A.	(Son of Pheroras)	* 30? ∞4	Cousin (Pheroras was Herod's brother [1]); Engagement by Augustus

Grandson of Herod

No.	Surname	* / †	father	mother	marriage	Spouse	* / ∞ / †	comment
17th	Herod of Chalcis	* 15 † 48 AD	Aristobulus [4]	Berenike [4A]	A.	Mariamne [28]	*1?	cousin
					B.	Berenike [35]		niece
					C.	(Daughter of Antipater [32])		niece
18th	Herod Agrippa I.	* 13? † 44 AD	Aristobulus [4]	Berenike [4A]	A.	Cyprus [26]		cousin
19th	Aristobulus	* 10?	Aristobulus [4]	Berenike [4A]	A.	Jotape		Daughter of Sampsigeramos II , Prince of Emesa
20th	Herodias	*8th?	Aristobulus [4]	Berenike [4A]	A.	Herod Boethos [8]	* 22?	Uncle, divorced
20th	Herodias	*8th?	Aristobulus [4]	Berenike [4A]	B.	Herod Antipas [10]	* 21?	uncle
21st	Mariamne	* 16?	Aristobulus [4]	Berenike [4A]	A.	Antipater [2]		Uncle (possibly just engagement)
22nd	Antipater	* 15?	Phasael [6A]	Salampsio [6]	?
23	Herod	* 13?	Phasael [6A]	Salampsio [6]	?
24	Alexander	* 11?	Phasael [6A]	Salampsio [6]	?
25th	Alexandra	* 9?	Phasael [6A]	Salampsio [6]	A.	Timius of Cyprus		no offspring
26th	Cypros	* 7?	Phasael [6A]	Salampsio [6]	A.	Herod Agrippa I [18]	* 13 † 44 AD	cousin
27	Cypros	* 12?	Antipater [7A]	Kypros [7]	A.	Alexas Selcias		Son of Salome's husband, Herod's sister [1]
28	Mariamne	*1?	Joseph [11A]	Olympias [11]	A.	Herod of Chalcis [17]		Grandson of Herod [1], maternal grandfather
29	Alexander	* 12?	Alexander [3]	Glaphyra [3A]	?
30th	Tigranes Dhikran	* 11? † 36 AD	Alexander [3]	Glaphyra [3A]	no offspring
31	(Son)	* 13?	Antipater [2]	Daughter of Antigonus [2A]	A.	Daughter of Pheroras	* 13?	Pheroras was a brother of Herod [1]
32	(Daughter)	* 12?	Antipater [2]	?	A.	Herod of Chalcis [17]	* 15? † 48	cousin

Great-grandson of Herod

No.	Surname	* / †	father	mother	marriage	Spouse	* / ∞ / †	comment
33	Marcus Julius Agrippa (also called Herod Agrippa II. )	* 27 AD † 93 AD	Herod Agrippa I [18]	Cyprus [26]	no offspring
34	Drusus	* 23 AD	Herod Agrippa I [18]	Cyprus [26]	no offspring
35	Berenike	* 28 AD	Herod Agrippa I [18]	Cyprus [26]	A.	Marcus Iulius Alexander
					B.	Herod of Chalcis	* 15 † 48 AD	uncle
					C.	Polemon		King of Cilicia
					D.	Titus	* 39 AD † 81 AD	Beloved, son of Vespasian
36	Mariamne	* 34 AD	Herod Agrippa I [18]	Cyprus [26]	A.	Archelaus		divorced
36	Mariamne	* 34 AD	Herod Agrippa I [18]	Cyprus [26]	B.	Demetrius
37	Drusilla	* 38 AD	Herod Agrippa I [18]	Cyprus [26]	A.	Azizus		Prince of Emesa
37	Drusilla	* 38 AD	Herod Agrippa I [18]	Cyprus [26]	B.	Marcus Antonius Felix		Roman procurator
38	Aristobulus	?	Herod of Chalcis [17]	Mariamne [28]	A.	Salome [41]		cousin
39	Bernikianus	?	Herod of Chalcis [17]	Berenike [35]	?
40	Hyrcanus	?	Herod of Chalcis [17]	Berenike [35]	?
41	Salome	* 14?	Herod Boethos [8]	Herodias [20]	A.	Herod Philip [12]	* 20 ∞30 AD † 34 AD	uncle
41	Salome	* 14?	Herod Boethos [8]	Herodias [20]	B.	Aristobulus [38]		Second cousin
42	Jotape	?	Aristobulus [19]	Jotape [19A]	no offspring
43	Tigranes Dhikran	?	Alexander [29]	?	?
44	Cypros	?	Alexis Helcias	Cyprus [27]	?

Great-great-grandson of Herod

No.	Surname	* / †	father	mother	marriage	Spouse
45	Herod	?	Aristobulus [38]	Salome [41]	?
46	Agrippa	?	Aristobulus [38]	Salome [41]	?
47	Aristobulus	?	Aristobulus [38]	Salome [41]	?
48	Berenike	?	Archelaus [36A]	Mariamne [36]	?
49	Agrippinus	?	Demetrius [36B]	Mariamne [36]	?
50	Agrippa	† 79 AD	Marcus Antonius Felix [37B]	Drusilla [37]	died in Pompeii when Mount Vesuvius erupted
51	Gaius Julius Alexander	?	Tigranes [43]	?	A.	Jotape

Great-great-great-grandson of Herod

No.	Surname	* / †	father	mother	marriage	Spouse	* / ∞ / †	comment
52	Gaius Julius Agrippa	?	Gaius Julius Alexander [51]	Jotape [51A]	?
53	Gaius Julius Alexander Berenicianus	?	Gaius Julius Alexander [51]	Jotape [51A]	?

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Executed on the orders of Herod [1].

Herodian party

Herodians also refer to the supporters of the Herodian house as a political party. They appear several times in the New Testament (Mk 3,6; 8:15; 12,13 Mt 22,16) as opponents of Jesus and seem to be close to the Pharisees .

literature

Walter Otto : Herodianoi . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Supplement volume II, Stuttgart 1913, Sp. 200-202.
Peter Richardson, Herod - King of the Jews and Friend of the Romans , Minneapolis 1999, ISBN 0-8006-3164-1
KC Hanson, The Herodians and Mediterranean Kinship , in: Biblical Theological Bulletin (3 parts), Part 1: Genealogy and Descent Vol. 19 (1989), pp. 79-81
Tal Ilan: Intermarriage in the Herodian Family as a Paradigm for Intermarriage in Second Temple Judaism. Paper presented at 2002 SBL Josephus Seminar
Julia Wilker: For Rome and Jerusalem. The Herodian dynasty in the 1st century AD Frankfurt a. M. 2007, ISBN 978-3-938032-12-1

[hingerichtet-1] Executed on the orders of Herod [1].