Herod Antipas

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Herod Antipas (* around 20 BC in Judea ; † around 39 AD in Lugdunum Convenarum , southern Gaul ) ruled as Tetrarch in Galilee .

Life

The division of Herod's kingdom, after his death in 4 BC Chr . :
  • Herodian tetrarchy under Herod Archelaus
  • Territory under Herod Antipas
  • Territory under Herod Philip
  • Salome I (cities of Jawne , Azotas , Phaesalis )
  • Roman province of Syria
  • Autonomous Cities ( Decapolis )

    • Herod Antipas was the second son that Herod the Great had with his fourth wife, the Samaritan Malthake . He was brought up in Rome with his older brother Archelaus and half-brother Philip . When his father in 4 BC When Herod Antipas died, he became ruler of Galilee and Perea as one of the few sons who had escaped all stalking . He made Sepphoris in Galilee his capital. He also founded Tiberias on the Sea of ​​Galilee , a Hellenistic city ​​that was named after Emperor Tiberius and replaced Sepphoris as the capital of the Tetrarchy.

    Herod Antipas fell in love with his sister-in-law and niece Herodias , the wife of his half-brother Herodes Boethos (the son of the second Mariamne ). Herodias left her husband out of love for him, and Herod Antipas in turn cast off his first wife, the daughter of the Nabatean king Aretas IV. This double adultery offended the Jews. The offended father-in-law Aretas inflicted a heavy defeat on him in a border war. According to the biblical account, John the Baptist publicly denounced Herod for double adultery around 28 AD, whereupon John was arrested, taken to the mountain fortress of Macherus and later beheaded at Herodias' instigation. In his report on the execution of John the Baptist (Ant. 18, 116–119), the Jewish historian Josephus Flavius does not mention the Baptist's criticism of Herod's marriage to Herodias. According to Josephus, Herod Antipas had a political motive for arresting the Baptist, namely the fear that the attraction of his speeches and his reputation with the people could spark an uprising.

    Herod Antipas went to Rome at the instigation of Herodias in 39 AD to receive the title of king from Caligula , but was exiled to Lugdunum Convenarum in southern Gaul on the basis of serious charges brought against him by his nephew and brother-in-law Herod Agrippa I . He died there, the exact date of his death is unknown. Subsequently, his kingdom was united with the territory of Herod Agrippa.

    Bible

    Herod Antipas is always mentioned in the New Testament as "King Herod" or "Tetrarch" (tetrarch):

    Only in the course of the centuries was he given the nickname Antipas to distinguish him from his father of the same name. The ancient Greek name Antipas (Ἀντιπᾶς) means "against everything" or "against everyone" (ἀντί = against, πᾶς = whole, each (r, s), all (s)). However, it is also used as a meaning “against the father”, derived from the ancient Greek “Antipater” (Ἀντίπατρος), as well as “representative or image of the father”. The name Antipas is mentioned only once in the Bible. In Rev 2,13  EU the name of an early Christian martyr is given as Antipas .

    The Gospel of Luke ( Lk 23.7  EU ) reports that Pontius Pilate sent Jesus to Herod Antipas when he had him in custody. Herod Antipas, who was currently in Jerusalem at the time, was legally responsible because Jesus was a Galilean. Herod was happy because he wanted to see a miracle from Jesus . When Jesus did not respond to this request and did not answer the questions asked, Herod made fun of him by throwing a pompous robe on him and thus sending him back to Pilate. The Bible states that Pilate and Herod, who were previously enemies, became friends through this matter.

    Cinematic implementation

    Several actors have given Herod a face, most recently the actor Eoin Macken in Killing Jesus in 2015 .

    See also

    literature

    • Michael Tilly : The fox on the ruler's throne. Herod Antipas, Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea. In: World and Environment of the Bible. Vol. 24, 2002, ISSN  1431-2379 , pp. 15-20.
    • Rainer Metzner: The celebrities in the New Testament. A prosopographical commentary (= Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus - Studies on the Environment of the New Testament. 66). Göttingen 2008, pp. 29-35.
    • Fritz Rienecker, Gerhard Maier: Lexicon for the Bible. 8th edition, SCM R. Brockhaus, Witten 2010, ISBN 978-3-417-24678-0 , pp. 690-693.
    • Julia Wilker: For Rome and Jerusalem. The Herodian dynasty in the 1st century AD. Verlag Antike, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-938032-12-1 , pp. 15, 20, 22 and others

    Web links

    Commons : Herodes Antipas  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ www.names-namensbedeutung.de. Retrieved January 20, 2018 .
    2. ↑ http://www.einmaleins-der-namen.de. Retrieved January 29, 2018 .
    3. ↑ www.bibelwissenschaft.de. Retrieved January 29, 2018 .
    personal data
    SURNAME Herod Antipas
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION Son of Herod the Great and Tetrarch in Galilee
    DATE OF BIRTH around 20 BC Chr.
    PLACE OF BIRTH Judaea
    DATE OF DEATH at 39
    Place of death Lugdunum Convenarum in southern Gaul