ZIS-101

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ZIS
ZIS-101 built in 1938 at the Retro Classics (2018)
ZIS-101 built in 1938 at the Retro Classics (2018)
ZIS-101
Production period: 1936 / 37-1941
Class : Upper class
Body versions : Pullman limousine , cabriolet , station wagon
Engines: Otto engine :
5.8 liters
(66–81 kW)
Length: 5647 mm
Width: 1892 mm
Height: 1856 mm
Wheelbase : 3605 mm
Empty weight : 2550 kg
Previous model L-1 Leningrad
successor ZIS-110

The ZIS-101 ( Russian ЗИС-101 ) is a luxury sedan from the Soviet manufacturer Zavod imeni Stalina ( ZIS for short ). The vehicle was developed around 1935 as the successor to the L-1 Leningrad from the Zavod Krasny Putilowez and was mass -produced from the beginning of 1937. Until the German attack in 1941, over 8,000 copies were built. The ZIS-101 established a long tradition of luxury sedans from the manufacturer, which went back to its bankruptcy in the 2010s. Shortly after the end of the war, the production of the successor ZIS-110 began .

A convertible was also built in small numbers under the designation ZIS-102 .

Vehicle history

Josef Stalin with his ZIS-101 (1936)
Revised ZIS-101A with a new front (2012)
ZIS-101A in the then insolvent manufacturing plant (2014)
A rare convertible ZIS-102A, built in 1941, also at the Retro Classics (2018)
The first of two stamps with the ZIS-101A as a motif (1941)
The second ZIS-101 stamp from 1974

The history of luxury sedan production in the Soviet Union began in the early 1930s with an “initiative from below”. It is not known who exactly came up with the idea to build a luxury class vehicle in series. However, the tractor was issued in 1932 to the end of production Fordson Putilowez from Zavod Krasny Putilowez in Leningrad a proposal to the Ministry of Industry, a sedan in the style of the Buick Series 90 building, which was actually approved. In 1933 a total of six of the passenger cars were built under the designation Leningrad-1 or L-1 for short . In fact, it was less about building representative cars for the government than about demonstrating that the Soviet Union was also capable of manufacturing luxury-class sedans.

It quickly became apparent, however, that the Leningrad plant no longer had any capacity available for production. It built tractors like the Universal and tanks like the T-28 in large numbers and did not have its own automobile production facility. Thus, together with the Sawod imeni Stalina, a working group was created that designed a successor to the L-1. Again, they were based heavily on the Buick Series 90 of the current year. In 1934 the first machines were purchased by the American Budd Company , including presses for body and chassis parts for US $ 1.5 million. In 1935, technical details about the vehicle were published in the relevant Soviet literature. 11 pre-series vehicles were built in 1936, the first series vehicle was completed on January 18, 1937. There were plans to produce up to 20,000 automobiles of the new type per year, which never happened. Nevertheless, the ZIS-101 became one of the most frequently built luxury sedans from Soviet production.

In the first year of production, an automobile magazine published an open letter from workers to the management of the automobile plant, which criticized various defects and design flaws. In fact, the ZIS-101 had some disadvantages compared to the Buick model. It was about 500 kg heavier, with the same dimensions. The eight-cylinder in-line engine consumed 28 to 31 l of fuel per 100 km on normal driving, almost 10 l more than comparable US vehicles. Even so, the four thousandth ZIS-101 was manufactured in 1938. In the same year the first convertible was built under the designation ZIS-102, of which only a handful were made over the course of the production period.

In response to the open letter of 1937, the revised ZIS-101A was put into series production in the second half of 1940. It received a new light alloy cylinder head, which increased the engine output from 90 to 110 hp. This also improved the car's performance. In addition, the decorative elements on the radiator grille and the bonnet have been adapted to contemporary tastes and the current Buick models. Around 600 of this variant were built until the start of the war in mid-1941. The production of cars at ZIS was then discontinued in favor of truck production. With the ZIS-101B, another revised variant was in the planning stage, but it did not go beyond a prototype. The successor is the ZIS-110 , but production did not begin until 1946, after the end of the Second World War. ZIS (later renamed ZIL) manufactured around 8 million motor vehicles in its history, of which only 12,145 were sedans. With a total of 8752 copies of all model variants, the ZIS-101 was by far the most frequently built passenger car from the Sawod imeni Stalina. This number includes the 600 ZIS-101A, 30 ambulances, some convertibles and some prototypes or one-offs.

The Soviet Post dedicated two stamps to the ZIS-101 (see below). One shows the revised version ZIS-101A next to the ZIS-5 and the Stalinez-65 as well as some aircraft as an example of the industrialization of the Soviet Union and was issued in January 1941. The second is from 1974, shows a ZIS-101 built in 1936 and is part of a series about vehicle production in the USSR.

Model variants

On the basis of the ZIS-101, various body shapes were tested and only partially built in series. The following list is only intended to provide an overview.

  • ZIS-101 - basic version as a sedan, built from 1936 to mid-1940. The engine has 90 hp and cylinder heads made of gray cast iron .
  • ZIS-101A - Modernized basic version built from the second half of 1940 until the end of production. The engine received aluminum cylinder heads, which increased the compression to 5.5: 1. This also increased the engine output to 110 hp and the top speed to 120 km / h.
  • ZIS-101A Ambulance - A total of 30 of the vehicles were produced with a station wagon body and used as ambulances because there were no minibuses from Soviet production before the war .
  • ZIS-101B - built in 1941 and intended as the successor to the ZIS-101A, this version was no longer in series production. There weren't any major changes visually.
  • ZIS-101S - Ambulance with medical equipment and for the transport of medical personnel. As with the station wagon, a patient could be transported lying down in this car despite the limousine body.
  • ZIS-101 Pick-up - In various small repair shops, ZIS-101 were converted into pick-ups after being removed from the state-owned company . The body was cut off behind the B-pillar and replaced by an open loading area with a tarpaulin. On this occasion, reinforced axles and engines from trucks, for example from the GAZ-51 , were often installed .
  • ZIS-101 (A) Delivery Van - As with the pick-up, used specimens in body shops have also been converted into closed delivery vans.
  • ZIS-101 Sport - two-seater roadster based on the ZIS-101, built in 1938. The engine output was increased to 141 hp, the top speed was over 160 km / h. Only one or two copies were built.
  • ZIS-102 - Cabriolet built in different variants based on the ZIS-101, manufactured in small series from 1938 to 1941.

At least one ZIS-101 was equipped as a camera car for the production of cinema films . An additional platform was added to the front and an opening was cut into the roof to accommodate two film cameras and the associated cameramen. Due to the heavy weight of the vehicle and the comfortable suspension, it was particularly suitable for this purpose, as the driving behavior was smooth even on uneven roads.

Technical specifications

For the basic version ZIS-101 built from 1936.

  • Engine: water-cooled eight-cylinder in-line four-stroke petrol engine
  • Motor type: "ZIS-101"
  • Power: 90 HP (66 kW) at 3200 min -1
  • Displacement: 5766 cm³
  • Bore: 85.0 mm
  • Stroke: 127.0 mm
  • maximum torque: 241 Nm at 3200 min -1
  • Compression: 4.8: 1
  • Mixture preparation: carburettor, type "Marwel"
  • Valve control: hanging valves
  • Firing order: 1–6–2–5–8–3–7–4
  • Starter: SL-23
  • Alternator: GL-41
  • On-board voltage: 6 V.
  • Transmission: mechanical three-speed manual gearbox, synchronized
  • Top speed: 115 km / h
  • Fuel consumption:
    • 25.5 l / 100 km at a constant 80 km / h and imported carburettors
    • 28–31 l / 100 km with a Soviet carburetor in practical operation
  • Brakes: drum brakes front and rear with vacuum brake booster
  • Drive formula : 4 × 2 (rear wheel drive)

Dimensions and weights

  • Length: 5647 mm
  • Width: 1892 mm
  • Height: 1856 mm
  • Wheelbase: 3250 mm
  • Front track: 1500 mm
  • Rear track: 1552 mm
  • minimum ground clearance: 202 mm
  • Turning circle: 11.2 m diameter at the front wheel
  • Seats: 7
  • Empty weight: 2550 kg
  • Payload: 450 kg
  • permissible total weight: 3000 kg
  • Front axle load: 1450 kg
  • Rear axle load: 1550 kg
  • Tire size: 7.50-17 ″

literature

  • Michael Dünnebier and Eberhard Kittler: Passenger cars of socialist countries. Transpress VEB Verlag for Transport, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-344-00382-8 .
  • LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ России и СССР . First part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow 1993, ISBN 5-87483-004-9 .
  • A. Sharkova (Editor-in-Chief): Автолегенды СССР: ЗИС-101 / 101A . No. 22, DeAgostini, Moscow 2009.
  • Konstantin Andrejew: Автолегенды СССР: ЗИС-101 . No. 84, DeAgostini, Moscow 2012.
  • Ministry of Automobile Transport of the RSFSR ; Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). Transport Publishing House, 6th edition, Moscow 1971.
  • A. Karjagin, Ju. Dolmatovsky: Автомобили советского производства . Sa Rulem Library, Newspaper and Magazine Association, Moscow 1935.
  • AM Gljomin, FP Melnikow, AM Tretyakov: История отечественного автомобилестроения. Technical University of Biysk ,, 2013.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Konstantin Andrejew: Автолегенды СССР: ЗИС-101 . P. 3 ff.
  2. ↑ A. Karjagin, Ju. Dolmatovsky: Автомобили советского производства . P. 57 ff.
  3. ↑ AM Gljomin, FP Melnikow, AM Tretyakov: История отечественного автомобилестроения . P. 28.
  4. ↑ a b A. Sharkova (editor-in-chief): Автолегенды СССР: ЗИС-101 / 101A . P. 3 ff.
  5. ^ Ministry of Automobile Transport of the RSFSR ; Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). P. 478 f.

Web links

Commons : ZIS-101  - Collection of images, videos and audio files