ZIL-131

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ZIL
ZIL-131 with flatbed (2010)
ZIL-131 with flatbed (2010)
ZIL-131
Manufacturer: Zavod imeni Likhacheva
Sales designation: ЗИЛ-131
Production period: 1967-2010 / 11
Previous model: ZIL-157 (indirect)
Successor: ZIL-4334
Technical specifications
Designs: Chassis, tractor , various superstructures
Engines: Otto engines , later also diesel engines
Power: standard 110 kW
Payload: 5 t
Perm. Total weight: 11.9 t
ZIL-131 (former NVA vehicle) today in a private collection
Radio station on ZIL-131, formerly used by the border troops of the GDR
AZ-40 fire engine with double cab based on the ZIL-131
ZIL-131 with snow blower DE-210 (2012)
ZIL-131W tractor with trailer in a military museum
ZIL-131W with anti-aircraft missile in service with the Romanian Army
Two parked ZIL-131 (2010)

The ZIL-131 ( Russian ЗИЛ-131 ) is a 1967 first from the Soviet car manufacturer Zil -built trucks . Due to its good off-road mobility, this truck is mainly used in the military, but it was and is also used in the civilian sector, in particular for special bodies. Together with the Ural-375D, it was a standard truck in various armies of the former Eastern Bloc .

In addition to the ZIL-131, there is the ZIL-133 , a civil version without all-wheel drive and low-pressure tires.

Vehicle history

The vehicle's development dates back to the mid-1950s. During the development of the ZIL-157 from the predecessor ZIS-151 , work began on designing a new three-axle military truck with all-wheel drive. The project was initially named ZIS-131, in 1956 a first prototype was presented that was very similar to the first prototype of the ZIL-130 .

Three years later, in 1959, the tests on the prototypes were successfully completed and the vehicle was renamed ZIL-131 due to the de-Stalinization . A start of production was planned for 1961 or 1962, but it could not be kept. Series production of the ZIL-130 began in 1964, and it was not until 1967 that production of the more complex ZIL-131 began. From then on, some of the vehicle's components, such as axles and winches, were manufactured in a ZIL branch, the Brjanski Awtomobilny Zavod .

In 1974 the vehicle was awarded the state seal of approval of the USSR . In 1986 the manufacturer revised the truck, the new version was designated ZIL-131N. A year later, vehicle production began in the Uralsky Avtomotorny Zavod (UAmZ).

In Zavod imeni Lichatschowa production of the ZIL-131 ended in 1990. Up to then a total of 998,429 trucks of this type had been built, 48,000 in 1989 alone. At UAmZ, production continued unchanged until 2002. In that year the plant changed its name to AMUR, the truck became AMUR-531340. When the plant went bankrupt in 2010 and 2011 respectively, the truck was still on offer and was built in series for 43 years. The ZIL plant in Moscow has been producing the ZIL-4334, a successor to the ZIL-131, since 1994.

Many Warsaw Pact armies used the ZIL-131, among other things as a base vehicle for the multiple rocket launcher BM-51 "Prima" (a variant of the BM-21 ). The GDR also imported it, both for civilian purposes and for the NVA. The version as a tractor unit was also used there.

Model variants

In the long production period of over 40 years, various variants of the vehicle were produced. The following list does not claim to be complete.

  • ZIL-131 - basic version, built in Moscow from 1967 to 1986.
  • ZIL-131A - model with unshielded electrical system (identical to that of the ZIL-130). Various small changes were made, the fording depth was a little less than the production model and was 90 centimeters. The vehicle was built from January 1971.
  • ZIL-131W - tractor unit based on the ZIL-131 for trailers with a gross vehicle weight of up to 12 tons. Built from 1968 to 1986.
  • ZIL-131D - A chassis specially designed for tippers. A prototype was made, there was no series production.
  • ZIL-131D - The number ZIL-131D was used again in 1992. From this point in time, however, a variant with a diesel engine from Caterpillar, which UAmZ built in series from 1993, was named .
  • ZIL-131N - modernized vehicle built in Moscow from 1986, and at UAmZ from 1987. In particular, it received a revised engine.
  • ZIL-131NA - modernized version of the ZIL-131A, built from 1986
  • ZIL-131NW - modernized version of the ZIL-131W, also built from 1986
  • ZIL-131N1 - model with diesel engine of the type D-245.20, which develops 105 hp (77 kW).
  • ZIL-131N2 - vehicle with a diesel engine of the type ZIL-0550, which develops 132 HP (97 kW).
  • ZIL-131S - These trucks were specially equipped at the factory for use in northern regions. They can be used down to −60 ° C, have double glazing, additional insulation and more heating power. They were not made in Moscow, but in another automobile plant. The production time was from 1980 to 1986. There was also such a version of the ZIL-131A, the ZIL-131AS.
  • ZIL-131NS - model for use in the far north based on the modernized ZIL-131N. Built from 1987, it was also available as a tractor unit (ZIL-131NWS) and with unprotected electrics (ZIL-131NAS).
  • ZIL-131Ch - prototype for use in tropical areas and deserts. Series production did not take place.
  • ZIL-137 and ZIL-137B - These tractors were equipped with an additional PTO shaft so that the axles of a suitable semi-trailer can also be driven via shafts. This increases the cross-country mobility of the train. In Russian there is the term “Active Autozug” (активный автопоезд, Aktiwny Awtopojesd ). The drive formula was accordingly 10 × 10.

In addition, heavy snow blowers of the type DE-210 (Russian Д-210) were built on the chassis of the ZIL-131 . They are powered by a large-volume six-cylinder diesel engine with a displacement of around 19.4 l, which powers both the vehicle and the snow blower. The normal truck engine was removed. The machines were designed to clear up to 900 tons of snow per hour.

In addition, various fire engines were built based on the ZIL-131. In the GDR, some copies of the TLF 24 (tank tender) were produced on the chassis of the ZIL-131.

Technical specifications

For the basic model ZIL-131.

  • Engine: V8 petrol engine
  • Engine type: "ZIL-131"
  • Power: 150 PS (110 kW)
  • Displacement: 5996 cm³
  • Compression: 6.5: 1
  • Tank capacity: 2 × 170 l
  • Consumption: 40 l / 100 km
  • Range: 850 km
  • Transmission: manual five-speed gearbox, two-stage off-road reduction
  • Top speed: 80 km / h
  • Braking distance from 30 km / h: 12 m
  • maximum negotiable slope: 58%
  • maximum drivable slope angle (sideways): 40%
  • Wading depth: 1.4 m
  • Traversable step: 0.6 m
  • maximum trench width that can be exceeded: approx. 1 m
  • Drive formula : 6 × 6

Dimensions and weights

  • Length: 7040 mm
  • Width: 2500 mm
  • Height: 2480 mm (above cabin), 2975 mm (above tarpaulin)
  • Wheelbase: 3350 mm + 1250 mm
  • Track width: 1820 mm
  • Ground clearance: 330 mm
  • Turning circle: 20.2 m
  • Empty weight: 6700 kg
  • permissible total weight: 11,925 kg
  • Payload: 5000 kg, 3500 kg off-road
  • permissible trailer load: 6500 kg, 4500 kg off-road

literature

  • Ralf Kunkel: Type compass. GDR trucks. Imports from the USSR. Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart, 1st edition 2015, ISBN 978-3-613-03799-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Detailed website for the vehicle with history, modifications and technical data (Russian)
  2. ↑ History of the Brjansky Avtomobilny Zavod (Russian)
  3. ↑ Last website of the AMUR plant with the AMUR-531340 from 2011 (Russian) ( Memento from March 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Report on the insolvency of the plant since 2010 (Russian)
  5. ↑ Website for snow blower DE-210 (Russian)
  6. ↑ Engine data of the У2Д6, here with another snow thrower (Russian)
  7. ↑ Further technical data (English)

Web links

Commons : ZIL-131  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files