ZIS-150

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ZIS
ZIS-150 in a museum (2006)
ZIS-150 in a museum (2006)
ZIS-150
Manufacturer: Zavod imeni Stalina
Sales designation: ЗИС-150
Production period: 1947-1957
Previous model: Prototype ZIS-15 or ZIS-5
Successor: ZIL-164
Technical specifications
Engines: ZIS-120 (ЗИС-120)
Power: 60-71 kW
Perm. Total weight: 7.9 t

The truck ZIS-150 ( Russian ЗИС-150 ) of the Soviet vehicle manufacturer Zavod imeni Stalina (Завод имени Сталина) was built from 1947 to 1957 and goes back to the ZIS-15 (ЗИС-15) developed before the Second World War . In various sources, the ZIS-150 is also listed as having the German transcription SIS-150. In the last year of production, the vehicle was already referred to as the ZIL-150 in the course of de-Stalinization .

development

Fire engine ARP-2 based on ZIS-150 (2015)

The ZIS-5 (ЗИС-5) truck was to be replaced by a modern design as early as the late 1930s . Since the Soviet automobile industry had gained experience with American designs through the license production of the Ford AA as GAZ-AA , its new developments were strongly influenced by American truck construction. This particularly concerned the conception, but also the widespread installation of gasoline instead of diesel engines . In 1938 the Stalinwerk presented the newly designed vehicle under the name ZIS-15 (ЗИС-15). The ZIS-15 had a newly developed chassis , a further developed engine with an output of 82 hp (60 kW) and a new all-metal driver's cab with three seats. The vehicle was similar to the International K-7. Because of the beginning of the Second World War , the new development could no longer be transferred to series production. It was not until 1944 that the Stalinwerk was able to produce further prototypes, which were now given the name ZIS-150. On October 30, 1947, the first small series was presented. The tests before the Second World War had already shown that the truck with 82 HP (60 kW) had insufficient engine power. The ZIS-150 now received a more powerful engine with 95 HP (70 kW), the payload could be increased to 4000 kg. The production line was set up in the factory from January 1948. Series production began on April 27 of this year; production of the ZIS-5 was finally discontinued three days later. From 1951 the ZIS-150 was also produced in the Kutaiski Avtomobilny Sawod . In 1956, the name of Stalin was erased and the manufacturing plant was renamed Zavod imeni Lichatschowa (Завод имени Лихачёва). In the following year, the production of the now called ZIL-150 was stopped in favor of the successor ZIL-164 . A total of 774,615 ZIS-150 vehicles were produced in different versions.

construction

The truck was powered by a six-cylinder ZIS-120 (ЗИС-120) engine. The engine initially developed 70 kW (95 hp) at 2800 rpm. For the first time in Soviet commercial vehicle construction, a manual five - speed gearbox was used, which was connected to the engine via a 2-disc dry clutch. Compressed air brakes were also new to Soviet truck construction. The rear axle had twin tires, and all axles were sprung with leaf springs. The cardan shaft , which tended to crack and then broke under full load, proved to be the weak point of the construction . The hoses of the compressed air system were often destroyed, which led to a sudden loss of braking power.

The cabin consisted of a wooden frame that was planked with sheet metal and provided with protective varnish. The doors were made of wood. The side windows were retractable, the left half of the two-part front window could be exposed.

In 1950 the ZIS-150 was modernized. The vehicle got a new carburetor and a new exhaust manifold, the driver's cab was now made entirely of metal.

In 1956 the engine of the truck got a light alloy cylinder head , the compression ratio increased to 6.2. Together with the new intake system, this led to an increase in output to 71 kW. The frame was reinforced, the vehicle now received hydraulic shock absorbers and the travel of the leaf springs on the front axle was limited by rubber buffers. As part of the renaming of the manufacturer, the deep-drawing tool for the engine hood was also changed, as the abbreviation of the name was embossed on it.

Versions

The ZIL-158, later LiAZ-158, used assemblies from the ZIS-150.

The ZIS-150 was the basis for the production of a large number of construction machines, cranes, dump trucks, mobile machines and devices, timber transporters, road sweepers, explosive devices , fire engines, tankers and other special vehicles. Assemblies and the complete chassis were used for the production of buses. The truck was produced as a standard flatbed truck for the Soviet Army . The ZIS-150 also served as a carrier vehicle for special equipment such as radio equipment, as a degassing vehicle or tanker.

In 1947 and 1948, some buses of the type ZIS-16 were rebuilt under the designation AKZ-1 on the chassis of the ZIS-150.

Serial versions

  • As ZIS-150W (ЗИС-150В) the version produced from 1956 with an aluminum cylinder head was designated.
  • The ZIS-151 (ЗИС-151) was a three-axle all-wheel drive truck that was built from 1948 to 1957.
  • The ZIS-MMZ-585 (ЗИС-ММЗ-585) was a dump truck built in various versions in the Mytichinsk mechanical engineering plant from 1949 to 1957 . In Kutaiski Avtomobilny Zavod , Georgia, a very similar vehicle was produced from 1952, the KAZ-585.
  • The ZIS-120 (ЗИС-120) was a tractor unit manufactured from 1952 to 1959 .

Using components

  • The ZIS-LTA (ЗИС-ЛТА) was a tracked vehicle for use in forestry. Developed in 1949 on the basis of the ZIS-5, modules of the ZIS-21 and ZIS-150 were also used later .
  • The ZIS-155 was a bus manufactured from 1949 to 1957 with components from the ZIS-150 .
  • The successor to the ZIS-155, manufactured from 1957, was named ZIL-158 . ZIS-150 assemblies were also used with him.

Prototypes

  • The ZIS-150P (ЗИС-150П) was the prototype of an all-wheel drive truck from 1947. Series production did not follow.
  • The ZIS-153 (ЗИС-153) was a half-track vehicle . Only one example was made in 1952.
  • The ZIS-253 (ЗИС-253) was a prototype presented in 1947 with a diesel engine for 3.5 t payload. The vehicle was developed independently in the Uljanowski Avtomobilny Sawod (Ульяновский автомобильный завод) and should also be produced there.
  • The DAZ-150 Ukrainez (ДАЗ-150 Украинец ) was a revised version for production in the Dnepropetrovsky Avtomobilny Sawod (Днепропетровский автомобильный завод). Development began in 1947 and was discontinued in 1950. It was not built in series because the plant did not go into operation as planned and later produced tractors.

Licensed buildings

Chinese banknote depicting the Jiefang CA-10
  • Under the name SR-101, the ZIL-150 was built under license in Romania at Steagul Rosu from 1954 to 1965.
  • Jiefang CA-10 was the name of the Chinese license production. From 1956 the manufacturer was the number one Chinese automobile factory in Changchun , today known as the China FAW Group .

commitment

ZIS-150 during track construction in Warthaer Strasse in Dresden-Leutewitz

The ZIS-150 was one of the widespread vehicles in the 1950s and 1960s and was used in all regions of the Soviet Union. It was easy to produce and easy to maintain, but as the first mass-produced Soviet truck it suffered from numerous teething troubles , some of which could be turned off during production. Added to this was the accelerated wear and tear due to the generally poor road conditions and the lack of steering assistance. The Soviet Post recognized the importance of the ZIS-150 for the economy in 1976 by issuing a postage stamp.

The ZIS-150 was also exported to numerous countries and produced under license in Romania and China. There the production provided assistance in the development of an independent automotive industry. The production of the Jiefang CA-10 truck was so important for the People's Republic of China that it was immortalized on a banknote.

The GDR also imported the ZIS-150 from 1949 onwards. In the civilian sector, the flatbed trucks and dump trucks were mainly used. Headquarters Training , Barracked People's Police and National People's Army used the ZIS-150 as a tractor, tank truck and carrier vehicle for special bodies.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ see DV-17/5 Kfz.-Types of the National People's Army, edition 1963
  2. ↑ see ЗИС-15 - интересный довоенный прототип (Russian)
  3. ↑ see ЗИС-150 - рабочая лошадка послевоенного периода (Russian)
  4. ↑ See Copenhagen, p. 118.

Web links

Commons : ZIS-150  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Model of the Soviet motor vehicle industry: truck SIS 150. In: Motor vehicle technology 3/1952, p. 89.
  • DV-17/5 vehicle types of the National People's Army. 1963.
  • Wilfried Copenhagen: The land forces of the NVA. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-613-02297-4 .