ZIS-155
ZIS | |
---|---|
A ZIS-155 as a memorial (2011) |
|
ZIS-155 | |
Manufacturer | Zavod imeni Stalina |
design type | City bus |
Production period | 1949-1957 |
axes | 2 |
engine | ZIS-124 6-cylinder gasoline engine |
power | 70 kW |
length | 8.26 m |
width | 2.5 m |
Wheelbase | 4090 mm |
Turning circle | 17 m |
Seats | up to 28 |
Standing room | 24 |
Empty weight | 6290 kg |
Perm. total weight | 10,190 kg |
Previous model | ZIS-154 |
successor | ZIL-158 |
The ZIS-155 , ( Russian ЗИС-155 ), was a city bus made by the Soviet manufacturer Zavod imeni Stalina , or ZIS for short. It is very similar to its predecessor ZIS-154 , but is technically a new design. It was one of the most popular city buses in the Soviet Union in the 1950s.
History
At the end of the 1940s, the license acquired by General Motors to manufacture the ZIS-154 ran out. In addition, the bus had proven to be maintenance-intensive and technically complicated in practice. To counter these problems, the Central Automobile Workshops in Moscow (ZARM) built some prototypes of a new city bus based on the chassis of the ZIS-150 truck . Since the diesel-electric drive of the ZIS-154 was not taken over, but only an ordinary gasoline engine with manual transmission was installed, the design could be simplified considerably. This can also be seen from the fact that the curb weight of the ZIS-155 was almost two tons less than that of the ZIS-154.
Shortly after the prototypes were presented, in 1949, ZIS began series production. Many parts and assemblies were taken over from other vehicles, especially the predecessor and the ZIS-150 truck. For example, the braking system and the engine came from this. The cooling system came from the ZIS-154, with some improvements, as was basically the body . However, this was around 1.25 meters shorter than its predecessor, which makes it easy to differentiate between the two models. This is why the buses were nicknamed “Short” by the drivers.
Over 21,000 copies had been made by 1957. The ZIS-155 was replaced by the ZIL-158 . From 1956 various versions with minor changes were built, for example ZIS-155A and ZIS-155M . They are the transition to the successor ZIL-158.
In use, the buses were still very maintenance-intensive compared to today's vehicles. Major maintenance had to be carried out every 8,000 kilometers. A maintenance system was therefore set up in practice. One in ten buses was always parked for technical service or repairs.
technology
In the literature there is an occasional statement that the buses were equipped with ZIS-120 engines, which were also used in the ZIS-150 truck . In fact, the engine of the bus was designated as ZIS-124 and thus run as a separate model. Some relevant parts such as the oil pan have been changed from the truck version to accommodate the engine in the rear of the bus body. However, the performance data remained the same.
- Total passengers: 50 or 52, depending on the version
- Seats: up to 28
- Standing: 24
- Construction time: 1949–1957
- Number of units produced: 21,741
Drive data
- Engine: Six-cylinder gasoline engine type ZIS-124
- Cubic capacity: 5555 cm²
- Power: 70 kW (95 PS)
- Compression: 6: 1
- Fuel consumption: 41 l / 100 km
- Tank capacity: 150 l
- Transmission: manual transmission, 5 forward gears
- Top speed: 65 km / h
- Drive formula : (4 × 2)
Dimensions and weights
- Length: 8260 mm
- Width: 2500 mm
- Wheelbase: 4090 mm
- Ground clearance: 270 mm
- Turning circle: 17,000 mm
- Empty weight: 6290 kg
- maximum load: 3900 kg
- permissible total weight: 10,190 kg
Web links
- Overview of historical Soviet bus models (English)
- Detailed historical and technical description of the ZIS-155 with many pictures ( Memento from November 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (Russian)
- Technical data summarized, colored illustrations (English)