ZIS-154

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ZIS
A ZIS-154 from 1947

A ZIS-154 from 1947

ZIS-154
Manufacturer Zavod imeni Stalina
design type City bus
Production period 1946-1950
axes 2
engine different gasoline and diesel engines, also electr. Drive motor DK-305
power 81 kW diesel engine, 43 kW drive motor (electric)
length 9.5 m
width 2.5 m
height 2.94 m
Wheelbase 5460 mm
Turning circle 21.4 m
Seats 34
Standing room 26th
Empty weight 8000 kg
Perm. total weight 12600 kg
successor ZIS-155

The ZIS-154 , ( Russian ЗИС-154 ), was a city bus made by the Soviet manufacturer ZIS . It was the first city bus from Soviet post-war production and, due to its diesel-electric drive, was technically ahead of its time.

History

The same vehicle, next to it a ZIL-158 in green color (2009)
A ZIS-154 depicted on a 1976 Soviet postage stamp

In the mid-1940s, there was a significant need for city buses in the Soviet Union. To counter this, ZIS began manufacturing the ZIS-154 in 1946. It was a licensed version of buses from the US manufacturer General Motors . Since the development of a suitable diesel engine for diesel-electric drive was not yet complete, the engines for the buses were also manufactured under US license. It was not until 1949 that the JaAZ -204 four-cylinder diesel engine had matured to the point that it could be used in vehicles.

In 1950 the license agreement with the Americans ended and was not renewed. This meant that production of the ZIS-154 was also discontinued after just four years and 1165 units had been built. In addition to the expiring license, the reason was that the successor ZIS-155 also went into series production at this time - a much simpler and less maintenance design. The ZIS-155 only had an ordinary gasoline engine .

Some of the first vehicles were delivered to Minsk in 1946 , where they remained in service until the late 1950s. Larger operators replaced the ZIS-154 relatively quickly until around 1961. Smaller numbers were still in use after that. At least one vehicle (built in 1947) has been preserved in a museum.

description

The ZIS-154 was a unique design in the Soviet Union at that time due to its diesel-electric drive. The diesel engine did not drive the vehicle directly via gears and shafts as usual , but was coupled to an alternator. The electricity generated in this way was transmitted via cables, controllers and switches to an electric motor (called a traction motor), which drove the rear axle directly without a separating clutch.

Because of the electric motor, the drivers also referred to the buses as "lightning". That this association cannot derive from the driving performance becomes clear from the fact that despite the enormous empty weight of almost eight tons, only 43 kW of drive power was available.

A version with a V8 gasoline engine was manufactured under the designation ZIS-154A , which developed 195 hp (143 kW) and was manufactured by ZIS itself under the name ZIS-122A. It was a rather makeshift solution to bridge delivery problems for the JaAZ diesel engine.

Technical specifications

  • Production period: 1946–1950
  • Number of pieces: 1165
  • Seats: 34
  • Standing: 26
  • Total passengers: 60
  • Top speed: 65 km / h

Internal combustion engine data

  • Internal combustion engine output: 110-195 hp
  • Types: GM license engines, JaAZ-204, ZIS-122A
  • Fuel consumption: 65 l / 100 km
  • Tank capacity: 270 l

Electrical system data

  • Generator power: 50 kW
  • Type: DK-505A
  • Drive motor power: 43 kW
  • Type: DK-305

Dimensions and weights

  • Length: 9500 mm
  • Width: 2500 mm
  • Height: 2940 mm
  • Wheelbase: 5460 mm
  • Ground clearance: 385 mm
  • Turning circle: 21,400 mm
  • Empty weight: 7940 kg
  • Max. Payload: 4650 kg
  • permissible total weight: 12,590 kg

Web links

Commons : ZIS-154  - collection of images, videos and audio files