ZIS-22

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ZIS
ZIS-42, the outwardly almost identical successor to the ZIS-22, on a test drive in April 1942
ZIS-42 , the outwardly almost identical successor to the ZIS-22, on a test drive in April 1942
ZIS-22
Manufacturer: Zavod imeni Stalina
Sales designation: ЗИС-22
Production period: 1938-1941
Previous model: none
Successor: ZIS-42
Technical specifications
Designs: Cot
Engines: Gasoline engine
Power: 54 kW
Payload: 2.25 t
Perm. Total weight: 6.91 t
ZIS-5 truck on which the ZIS-22 is technically based

The half-track vehicle ZIS-22 ( Russian ЗИС-22 ) of the Soviet vehicle manufacturer Zavod imeni Stalina was the first half-track vehicle from Soviet production from 1938. With its flatbed structure, it was mainly designed for lighter transport tasks. Technically, it is based almost entirely on the ZIS-5 truck, with the exception of the modified chassis . From 1942, a successor model was produced with the ZIS-42 .

First series

As early as 1934 and 1935, ZIS had experimented with half-track vehicles based on earlier truck types, but the results were not really satisfactory. Work on the project was not resumed until 1938. Two different prototypes were developed: the "WZ" type based on the ZIS-5 and the "WG" based on the GAZ-AA . These as well as the first series vehicles were built in the Leningrad automobile repair plant (LARZ for short). After successful tests between June 7 and August 13, 1938, series production was finally started at ZIS in Moscow. By the end of 1938, 150 of the vehicles, now known as ZIS-22, had been produced, after which production was interrupted. In 1939 only a few vehicles were manufactured. In March 1940 production was finally stopped.

The main mistake that was made in the construction of the vehicles was that the chains were only connected to the sprockets, and thus to the drive, by the frictional forces that occurred. As a result, the rubber chains began to slip on the sprockets when the load was greater and the vehicle could not continue to move. The problem was so serious that units of the Red Army in which the vehicle was in use repeatedly sent requests to the manufacturer to remove the track drives and reinstall a normal rear axle like the ZIS-5. In difficult terrain, the ordinary truck even had an advantage over the half-track vehicle. In the winter war in particular , this problem was so noticeable that the soldiers converted back to normal wheel drive behind the front, some of them themselves.

Second series

Despite the enormous problems with the first series, there was still a need for half-track vehicles in the Red Army in 1940. So it was decided in the spring of 1940 to revise the vehicles. Since there was no alternative to the ZIS-22 and the machines were needed quickly, no significant changes were possible. Attempts were made to improve the adhesion of the chains to the sprockets, but only very limited success was achieved. A fraction of the vehicles in the second series were also delivered with the old chassis. In addition, the tires on the front axle were changed from pneumatic tires to solid rubber wheels. Why exactly is unclear.

All in all, about 250 vehicles of the second series were built, called ZIS-22M . In total, around 400 ZIS-22s were produced, according to other sources even fewer. However, due to the problems mentioned, they were very quickly lost during the invasion of German troops in 1941 . Today there is no known surviving vehicle of the type ZIS-22.

More prototypes

In 1941, three more, improved prototypes were constructed based on the ZIS-22M, but they no longer went into series production. Experiences made with these vehicles were later used in the construction of the more successful half-track vehicle ZIS-42 .

Technical specifications

For the first series ZIS-22.

  • Engine: in-line six-cylinder petrol engine
  • Engine type: ZIS-5 (identical to the one from the ZIS-5 truck)
  • Power: 73 HP (54 kW)
  • Displacement: 5555 cm³
  • Top speed: 35 km / h
  • Fuel consumption: 60–100 l / 100 km, depending on the surface
  • largest negotiable slope: 28 °
  • specific ground pressure : 0.27 kg / cm²

Dimensions and weights

  • Length: 6060 cm
  • Width: 2400 mm
  • Height: 2230 mm
  • Ground clearance: 390 mm
  • Wheelbase between front axle and front sprocket: 2216 mm
  • Sprocket wheel base: 1296 mm
  • Empty weight: 4660 kg
  • Payload: 2250 kg
  • permissible total weight: 6910 kg

literature

  • LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ. России и СССР. First part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow 1993, ISBN 5-87483-004-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e History of the ZIS-22 half-track vehicle (English) ( Memento from March 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ. России и СССР. First part. P. 127.