AMO-3

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AMO
AMO-4 with a longer wheelbase, here with a superstructure as a fire engine (2014)
AMO-4 with a longer wheelbase, here with a superstructure as a fire engine (2014)
AMO-3
Manufacturer: 1-й ГАЗ
Sales designation: АМО-3 and ЗИС-3
Production period: 1931-1933
Previous model: AMO-2
Successor: ZIS-5
Technical specifications
Designs: Flatbed , tractor unit , omnibus , special bodies
Engines: 6-cylinder gasoline engine
Power: 44 kW
Payload: 2.5 t
Perm. Total weight: 5.34 t

The AMO-3 ( Russian AMO-3 ) is a 1931 manufactured in series to 1933 trucks of the Soviet first state automotive plant (Russian 1-й Государственный автомобильный завод, abbreviated as 1-й ГАЗ, transcribed 1-i Gossudarstwenny Awtomobilny Sawod). Until about 1925, the abbreviation AMO was also found in the company name , which stood for Awtomobilnoje Moskowskoje Obschtschestvo (German: Moscow Automobile Company ) and is reflected in the type designation of the truck.

The work was renamed Zavod imeni Stalina (ZIS for short) on October 1, 1931 . Due to the renaming, the designation ZIS-3 was apparently also used for the truck, but it is not very common. Under the abbreviation AMO-4 , a bus with a longer wheelbase based on the AMO-3 was produced, and there were various prototypes on the same chassis under their own names.

Vehicle history

Formerly ZIS-5 in export version in Spain . The vehicle looks almost exactly the same as the last AMO-3 produced with the exception of the radiator emblem (2010)

After the AMO-F-15 was technically obsolete, efforts were made in Moscow at the First State Automobile Plant to find a successor for the vehicle. In doing so, the focus was again on foreign vehicles and finally a license production of Dispatch SA of the American Autocar Company tackled. The new truck was called the AMO-2 and a total of 1715 were built between 1930 and 1931.

With the order to reduce the dependency on imports, an own production was established by the end of 1931. The resulting vehicle, the AMO-3, was still very similar to the US model of its predecessor. However, almost all parts were now manufactured in the Soviet Union itself. Visually, the vehicles hardly differed. Only the headlight suspension was changed and in the course of production the side windows made of cellophane were replaced with glass panes. On October 1, 1931, the factory was renamed “Sawod imeni Stalina” (ZIS for short). Assembly of the AMO-3 began on October 20th and the first 27 trucks were completed on October 25th. These vehicles were then used for a test drive from Moscow to Leningrad and back.

The first production batches still proved to be error-prone. Initially, every third truck suffered major damage. The weak points were the valve control of the six-cylinder gasoline engine, the fan bearings and an undersized cooler, which often led to the engine overheating. Thanks to continuous improvements, however, the quality could be improved rapidly, so that the failure rates fell. At the same time the production numbers rose, in September 1932 the 10,000 was already running. AMO-3 from the line.

Production of the AMO-3 continued until 1933. A total of 34,969 units were built: 770 in 1931, 14,583 in 1932 and another 19,616 in 1933. After that, production was discontinued in favor of the revised and more powerful ZIS-5 . The change took place gradually, from the transition period AMO-3 with ZIS emblem on the radiator and similar combinations are known. The designation ZIS-3, which is occasionally used, probably also comes from this time. Visually, the ZIS-5 hardly differed from the AMO-3, but it was equipped with a new drive train and details were also improved. With over 900,000 units, it was one of the most frequently produced Soviet trucks of its time and was built in various plants with minor modifications until the end of the 1950s.

The AMO-3 was used in the Soviet Union until the 1950s, but most of the vehicles were lost in World War II . The remaining trucks were then replaced by more modern makes, only a few examples have survived.

The manufacturer was renamed Zavod imeni Lichatschowa (ZIL) as part of the de-Stalinization in 1956 and produced trucks in Moscow until 2013.

Model variants

The AMO-3 served as the basis for various vehicles.

  • AMO-3 - Basic version built from 1931 to 1933, revised in the course of production.
  • AMO-3 with wood gasifier - prototype from 1932 for operation with wood gas . It was not until the ZIS-21 (wood gasification version of the ZIS-5) that the project entered series production a few years later.
  • AMO-4 - Longer chassis with 4420 mm wheelbase. It was mainly used for the bus of the same name with 22 seats, but also for special bodies such as fire engines.
  • AMO-5 - pre-production vehicles of the ZIS-5 with a drilled out engine (5.55 l displacement, 73 HP). Series production started as ZIS-5 from 1933.
  • AMO-6 - prototype with three axes, later built in series as ZIS-6 .
  • AMO-7 - tractor unit based on a shortened AMO-3. The prototypes had a wheelbase of 2910 mm and could pull semi-trailers with a weight of 5 to 6 t. Series production did not take place. The vehicle was powered by an experimental NATI diesel engine of the NATI-M-12 type with 70 hp. A diesel engine of the type NATI-1-60 with 60 HP was installed as a test.

The six-cylinder in-line engine of the AMO-3 was also installed in the significantly heavier JaG-3 as a supplier part, although it was actually undersized for this vehicle.

Technical specifications

For the AMO-3, if known.

  • Engine: in-line six-cylinder petrol engine
  • Motor type: "AMO-3"
  • Power: 60 HP (44 kW) at 2200 min -1 specified, 66 hp (48.5 kW)
  • Displacement: 4882 cm³
  • Bore: 95.25 mm
  • Stroke: 114.3 mm
  • maximum torque: 245 Nm
  • Compression: 4.6: 1
  • Transmission: four-speed mechanical transmission
  • Top speed: 52 km / h, also stated 60 km / h
  • Tank capacity: 60 l
  • Fuel consumption: 33 l / 100 km
  • Drive formula : 4 × 2

Dimensions and weights

  • Length: 5950 mm
  • Width: 2140 mm
  • Height: 2250 mm above the cabin
  • Ground clearance: 260 mm
  • Wheelbase: 3810 mm
  • Seats: 2
  • Empty weight: 2840 kg
  • Payload: 2500 kg
  • permissible total weight: 5340 kg

literature

  • LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ. России и СССР. First part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow 1993, ISBN 5-87483-004-9 .
  • Ministry of Automobile Transport of the RSFSR ; Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). Transport Publishing House, 6th edition, Moscow 1971.

Web links

Commons : AMO-4  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e f L. M. Shugurow: АВТОМОБИЛИ. России и СССР. First part. P. 71 ff.
  2. a b c d e f website for the AMO-3 with historical background, technical data and historical photographs (Russian)
  3. On the history of the ZIS-6 (Russian)
  4. Website with picture of the AMO-7 (Russian)
  5. ^ Ministry of Automobile Transport of the RSFSR ; Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). P. 478 f.