NAMI

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NAMI-1
A SChTS- NATI developed at NATI , taken from Schwerin , probably in the early 1950s
The GAZ-WM in the version as a passenger car during tests in 1938
Ural-375 of the first version, developed as NAMI-020 from 1956
A JaMZ-240 twelve-cylinder diesel engine, the bigger brother of the well-known JaMZ-238 . The engine family was developed by NAMI

The GNZ RF FGUP "NAMI" , short for G osudarstwenny n autschny for entr R ossijskoj F ederazii F ederalnoe g osudarstwennoe u nitarnoe p redprijatnie Zentralny Ordena Trudwowo Krasnowo Snameni n aytschno-issledowatelski a wtomobilny i AWTO m otorny i nstitut "NAMI" ( russian ГНЦ РФ ФГУП "НАМИ"; Г осударственный н аучный microns in ентр Р оссийской Ф едерации Ф едеральное г осударственное у нитарное п редприятие Центральный ордена Трудового Красного Знамени н аучно-исследовательский а втомобильный и авто м оторный и нститут "НАМИ" ), German about State scientific center of the Russian Federation; Federal State Unitary Enterprise; Central scientific automobile and automobile engine research institute "NAMI" , which has been awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, is an institute for the development and manufacture of automobiles , tractors and engines in Russia, which has existed since 1918 .

From 1931 to 1946 the institute was called NATI , short for N autschny a wto t raktorny i nstitut (Russian: Н аучный а вто т ракторный и нститут - НАТИ, German Scientific Tractor Institute ).

Company history

The company was founded in Moscow on October 16, 1918 . NAMI had a scientific automotive laboratory, called NAL, founded in 1918 by the engineer Nikolai Brilling. He was assisted by the engineer J. Tschudakow, who had studied mechanical engineering in England . In 1927, the production of automobiles began under the NAMI brand . Two different vehicles were developed, the NAMI-1 and the NAMI-2. The latter is also listed in the literature as NATI-2 and is said to have been developed in 1932. Production ended at the beginning of the 1930s .

In 1931 the institute was renamed NATI , short for Nautschny awtotraktorny institut . From this point on, the development of tractors such as the SChTS-NATI or the KD-35 , which were later built in large series by various tractor factories, was concerned. Some of the vehicles came as far as Germany, first in the Soviet occupation zone and from 1949 also in the German Democratic Republic . In addition, wood gas generators were developed and installed in trucks, for example in the GAZ-42 . Before and during the Second World War , half-track vehicles were also developed for the Red Army , for example the GAZ-60 or the GAZ-WM . During this time, research was carried out on four- and six-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines, such as those later manufactured in the Jaroslawski Automobilny Sawod as JaAZ-204 or JaAZ-206. A motorcycle combination was also developed under the name NATI-A-750 and built in series from 1932 to 1939 in the Podolski Motozykletny Sawod in Podolsk .

Also in the 1940s, a small car, the KIM-10, was developed, which was later built at Moskvich . In 1946 the renaming was reversed, the institute was now called NAMI again. The engine family around the JaMZ-238 was developed under the designation NAMI-019, which is still being built in the Yaroslavsky Motorny Sawod today, after more than 50 years, and was often used in Soviet and Russian trucks. The institute was also heavily involved in the development of the Ural-375 and Ural-4320 military trucks , which were widely used and some of which are still being built today.

The company developed other vehicles, including trolleybuses and omnibuses . In particular, special gearboxes were developed for buses from Likinski Avtobusny Sawod and Ikarus . During Leonid Brezhnev's time , NAMI employed more than 5,000 people. In 2003, NAMI had 27 professors and 110 doctors in engineering sciences. Today, NAMI is responsible for creating technical documents for automobiles and determining the origin of old automobiles.

Selected vehicles

In particular, passenger cars and curiosities are listed. For the developed tractors and trucks as well as diesel engines see above.

NAMI-1

The only production model was the NAMI-1 . Constructor was Konstantin Sharapov. Production ran from 1927 to 1931. The vehicle had a central tubular frame. An air-cooled two-cylinder engine with a displacement of 1160 cm³ and an output of 20  hp (15 kW) provided the drive . 403 or 369 copies were made of this vehicle. One of four surviving vehicles is exhibited in the Polytechnic Museum in Moscow.

NAMI-2 or NATI-2

The NAMI-2 or NATI-2 was created around 1932 and had an air-cooled four-cylinder engine with a displacement of 1221 cm³ and 22  hp (16 kW). Only a few copies were made. It was a pick-up , a two-seater roadster , two sedans and a four-seater open touring car . Depending on the body, two different wheelbases were used , 243 cm or 273 cm. The maximum speed was given as 75 km / h.

NAMI-012

The prototype NAMI-012 in the model (2018)

The truck prototype NAMI-012 was created from 1948 and was a steam car . The truck used the chassis of the JaAZ-200 , was built in front-wheel design, the steam engine and the steam generator behind the driver in the extended cab. The payload was about 7000 kg, later various special bodies were designed based on the chassis. In 1950, a total of 26,000 km were covered during the tests, and there was never any series production. The vehicle was intended for the wood industry, where wood waste could also have been used as fuel.

NAMI-013

The NAMI-013 was the prototype of a passenger car that was produced in two versions between 1948 and 1953. The four-cylinder engine from the GAZ-M20 Pobeda with 2112 cm³ displacement and 63 hp (46 kW), which was mounted in the rear, provided the drive. The completely redesigned body resembled a minibus, but was streamlined and had four doors.

IMZ-NAMI-A50 "Belka"

Several different examples of this prototype of a light passenger car were created in cooperation with the Irbitski Motozikletny Sawod (IMZ) in 1956. The engine was always mounted in the stern. A modification of the engine from the M72 motorcycle with 746 cm³ and 20 hp (14.7 kW) power at 4500 min −1 was used . The vehicles had a front-link body and the closed version had a single front door, similar to the BMW Isetta . A version as a Kübelwagen was also built. Series production never came about.

NAMI-0284 "Debut"

This small car with a plastic body was presented in early 1989 and also remained a prototype. The vehicle was powered by a 650 cc engine and 30 HP (22 kW). The curb weight was given as 600 kg.

Kortesch platform

NAMI has been involved in the development of the Kortesch platform since 2013 , on which, among other things, the Aurus Senat state car manufactured in 2018 is based. This is the successor to various limousines from the production of the Sawod imeni Lichatschowas such as the ZIL-4104 and is expected to be produced in the Uljanowski Avtomobilny Sawod .

literature

Web links

Commons : NAMI  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g For the history of the institute on its website (Russian)
  2. ↑ Full name, cf. in addition z. B. current, official documents of the Russian Federation.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Harald H. Linz, Halwart Schrader : Die Internationale Automobil-Enzyklopädie . United Soft Media Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-8032-9876-8 .
  4. ^ Georgano: The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile.
  5. ↑ a b c d website with a detailed history of the institute (Russian)
  6. ↑ GTÜ Society for Technical Monitoring mbH (accessed on January 1, 2013)
  7. ↑ Dünnebier, Kittler: Passenger Cars of Socialist Countries.
  8. ↑ a b Kelly: Russian Motor Vehicles. The Czarist Period 1784 to 1917.
  9. ↑ LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ. России и СССР. First part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow 1993, ISBN 5-87483-004-9 , p. 248 f.
  10. ↑ LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ. России и СССР. First part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow 1993, ISBN 5-87483-004-9 , pp. 198 f.
  11. ↑ LM Shugurow: АВТОМОБИЛИ России и СССР. Second part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow 1994, ISBN 5-87483-006-5 , p. 22 ff.
  12. ↑ "Кортеж" вписался в УАЗ . Report of the newspaper «Коммерсантъ» from April 19, 2014 (Russian)