SChTS-NATI
| СТЗ, ХТЗ and АТЗ | |
|---|---|
A SChTS-NATI near Schwerin , probably early 1950s |
|
| SChTS-NATI | |
| Manufacturer: |
Charkowski Traktorny Sawod and Stalingradski Traktorny Sawod and Altaiski Traktorny Sawod |
| Sales designation: | СХТЗ-НАТИ |
| Production period: | 1937-1952 |
| Engines: | Four cylinder petroleum engine |
| Length: | 3750 mm |
| Height: | 2300 mm |
| Wheelbase: | 2250 mm |
| Gauge: | 1435 mm |
| Standard tires: | Caterpillars |
| Empty weight: | 4800-5100 kg |
| Previous model: | none |
| Successor: | DT-54 |
The SChTS-NATI ( Russian СХТЗ-НАТИ ), later also called ASChTS-NATI, is a Soviet chain tractor that was manufactured in various tractor factories from 1937. A total of almost 200,000 copies of the vehicle were made.
Vehicle history
The SChTS-NATI was developed in the 1930s in the Moscow vehicle construction institute NATI . After several political decisions and fitness tests, both the Kharkovsky Traktorny Sawod (ХТЗ) and the Stalingradski Traktorny Sawod (СТЗ) began series production of the machines in 1937 . Due to the Second World War , both plants had to interrupt production. In Kharkov this happened as early as 1941, in Stalingrad a year later. While the entire Kharkov plant was evacuated to the Altai Mountains, production was switched to armaments in Stalingrad.
Contrary to other information, the Altaiski Traktorny Zavod (АТЗ) began building chain tractors of the SChTS-NATI type as early as 1942 . This plant was established in 1941/42 when the Kharkov production facility was evacuated to the Rubzowsk site . It was also the only Soviet tractor factory that consistently built tractors during the war years from 1942 to 1944. In 1944, both the Kharkov and Stalingrad plants resumed production of the tractor. At both companies it ended in 1949 in favor of the successor DT-54 . In Altaiski Traktorny Sawod this step was not taken until 1952. A total of 190,744 tractors of the SChTS-NATI type were manufactured in all plants.
The designation SChTS-NATI or СХТЗ-НАТИ is made up of several components. NATI stands for the vehicle institute mentioned above that developed the tractor, ТЗ generally for Traktorny Sawod (in German: Tractor Works ). Х stands for Kharkov (Russian Харьков), С for Stalingrad (Russian Сталинград). The name ASChTS-NATI, which is also occasionally used, is supplemented by the A from Altai, but was only introduced later because the Altaiski Traktorny Sawod did not even exist when production began.
The SChTS-NATI also came to Germany. A few months before the founding of the GDR , in the summer of 1949, the USSR delivered a batch of around 1,000 tractors to the Soviet occupation zone . This also included 248 SChTS-NATI. It is unknown whether further copies were imported afterwards, nor is it clear whether a copy was preserved in Germany. In Russia there are some machines in museums or in collectors' hands, it is not known whether there are serviceable specimens among them.
A special technical feature of the tractor was the engine. A petroleum engine was installed that worked on the principle of a gasoline engine , but could burn heavier petroleum . It is started with gasoline and must first reach the operating temperature of 80 to 90 ° C and can then be switched to petroleum operation. Operation was complex and prone to failure, as the machines were not allowed to cool down. If the temperature drops too much, the kerosene burns incompletely, gets into the engine oil, dilutes it and thus causes severe bearing damage. In addition, water injection was installed as standard for cooling and increased performance .
Technical specifications
The following data refer to the SChTS-NATI model. Individual values fluctuate slightly depending on the source.
- Engine: four-cylinder, four-stroke petroleum engine with water injection
- Motor type: 1MA, possibly also designated differently
- Output: 52 hp (38.3 kW) at 1250 min -1
- Drawbar power : 34 hp
- Displacement: 7460 cm³
- Bore: 125 mm
- Stroke: 152 mm
- Starter: hand crank
- Transmission: manual transmission with four forward and one reverse gears
- Top speed: 20 km / h for transport tasks
- Working speed: 3.82 to 8.04 km / h
- Pulley as an option, no hydraulic system
Dimensions and weights
- Length: 3750 mm
- Height: 2300 mm
- Wheelbase (between the sprockets): 2250 mm
- Track width: 1435 mm
- Total weight: 4800 to 5100 kg, depending on the specification
literature
- Horst Hintersdorf: type compass. Tractors and agricultural machinery. GDR imports from the Comecon countries. Motorbuch Verlag, 1st edition 2006.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Horst Hintersdorf: Typenkompass. Tractors and agricultural machinery GDR imports from the Comecon countries, p. 31.
- ↑ a b c d Newspaper article available online from Техника-молодежи , June 1975, in Russian.
- ↑ History of the Altaiski Traktorny Sawod on the manufacturer's website (Russian)
- ^ Horst Hintersdorf: Typenkompass. Tractors and agricultural machinery GDR imports from the Comecon countries, p. 8.
